SUMMARY Blood pressure was measured in the north and in the south of the People's Republic of China in 1002 men and 1006 women. The 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and creatinine was measured, and the relationship between urinary cations and blood pressure was studied. Blood pressure and 24-hour sodium excretion were higher in northern China than in southern China. With some exceptions, a positive correlation was found between urinary sodium and blood pressure and a negative one between 24-hour urinary potassium excretion and blood pressure. Urinary calcium correlated negatively and urinary magnesium did not correlate significantly with blood pressure. The sodium/potassium ratio correlated positively with blood pressure, and the calcium/magnesium ratio, negatively. This study confirms the positive within-population relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure in Oriental populations. (Hypertension 9: 654-659, 1987) KEY WORDS • blood pressure • epidemiology • sodium • potassium • calcium magnesium * sodium/potassium ratio * calcium/magnesium ratio A LARGE amount of epidemiological evidence links sodium consumption to blood pressure . level and cerebrovascular mortality.1 " 4 The relationship between sodium and blood pressure, however, is undoubtedly complicated by significant interactions between different cations influencing blood pressure 5 and by conflicting evidence concerning the within-population relationship between sodium and blood pressure.6 ' 7 The purpose of this article is to report data on urinary cations in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and to examine their relationship to blood pressure.Subjects and Methods A sample of the Chinese population consisting of farmers and nonfarmers was obtained in northern China in the region of Beijing and in south China in the region of Fuchow (approximately 1200 km south of Beijing). In the north 1003 subjects (498 men and 505 women) and in the south 1005 subjects (504 men and 501 women) participated in the study. There were 196
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