Injectable self-healing hydrogels
containing functional nanoparticles
(NPs) have attracted much attention in many fields of biomedicine.
A series of injectable self-healing hydrogels containing PEGylation
CuS NPs based on N-carboxyethyl chitosan (CEC) and
oxidized sodium alginate (OA) were developed by taking advantages
of the unique functions of CuS NPs and chitosan, referred to as CuS
NP hydrogels or CEC–OA
m
–CuS
n
, where “m”
stands for the concentration percentage of the added OA solution (w/v)
and “n” represents the molar concentration
of CuS NPs in the hydrogels. The physical properties of CuS NP hydrogels,
syringeability, rapid self-repair ability, and photothermal performance
were systematically investigated. The multiple functions for CuS NP
hydrogels requested in the skin healing process were explored. The
results showed that CuS NP hydrogels had not only adjustable physical
properties and good injectable self-healing characteristics but also
excellent functionalities, concurrently including hemostatic ability,
bacteria killing capability, and cell migration and proliferation
promotion. In vivo wound healing and histomorphological
examinations of immunofluorescence staining in a mouse full-thickness
wound model demonstrated good acceleration effects of these hydrogels
for infected wound healing. Therefore, these injectable self-healing
CuS NP hydrogels which possess the abilities of hemostasis, antibacterial
activity, and infected-wound healing promotion exhibit great potential
as in situ wound dressings.
Due to a combination of rapid consumption of fossil fuels such as coal and oil with gradual increase in people's awareness of environmental protection, the research for substitute resources has become a hot spot. Because of their abundant sources of raw materials, fast regeneration rate and low greenhouse gas emissions, biomass resources have drawn much attentions. Woody fiber is one of the richest renewable biomass on earth, in which lignin is the largest renewable aromatic compound resource, therefore possessing a very broad application prospect. Nowadays, a large number of reviews on lignin extraction methods have been written while there are few explorations on the mechanisms behind those methods. Thus, the principles of several typical lignin extraction methods were described in this article. These principles were explored with the hope to provide a reference for future development of lignin extraction.
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