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anomaterials are currently used in a wide range of products with more prospective applications; however, people raised concerns about their safety profiles. This is because nanomaterials have novel physicochemical properties that can interact with biological systems to generate toxicity. 1 To date, most studies have focused on cytotoxicity of nanomaterials at high concentrations that incur significant injuries to cells in vitro and in animals; however, the high dosage used is often not realistic and fails to consider the potentially detrimental effects on human health under chronic lowdose exposure settings, such as everyday and environmental exposure. 2 Thus, research is urgently needed to study the biological effects at sublethal or even nontoxic concentrations. Nanosilver (nAg), a material that is well-known for its antimicrobial properties, has been extensively used in a wide range of biomedical and consumer products. 3À6 Although many studies have been performed to investigate the cytotoxicity of nAg under different settings, 7À9 relatively little study has been conducted to understand the biological effects of nAg under nontoxic concentrations, which likely precede the toxicological processes or can be differentiated from cytotoxic effects but could perturb cellular homeostasis.Under normal conditions, cells maintain a balanced energy homeostasis through concertedly regulated signaling and metabolic pathways. Namely, there is a perfect equilibrium between anabolism and catabolism

A series of amphiphilic conetworks (APCNs) with well-defined molecular structures were prepared via a copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) of tetrakis(2-propynyloxymethyl)methane (TMOP), diazide end-functionalized triblock copolymers of poly(3-caprolactone) with poly(ethylene glycol) (N 3 -PCL-PEG-PCL-N 3 ). The so-prepared APCNs exhibit unique properties of ordered nanophase separation of hydrophilic (HI) and hydrophobic (HO) phases, and a variable swelling capacity both in water and organic solvent. The morphology, surface properties and thermal behavior of the APCNs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle (WCA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The physical properties of APCNs depended on the ratio of HI-HO, which can be regulated via precise synthesis of N 3 -PCL-PEG-PCL-N 3 . The analysis of an in vitro cell viability assay suggests that the APCNs have excellent biocompatibility. The prepared APCNs are excellent carriers for controlled drug release. The hydrophilic choline theophyllinate and hydrophobic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were loaded into the APCNs simultaneously as model drugs to study the release from APCNs. The well-controlled drug release is attributable to the well-defined molecular structure and tunable HI/HO composition of the APCNs.

Due to its advantages, the outrigger braced system has been employed in high-rise structures for the last 3 decades. It is evident that the numbers and locations of outriggers in this system have a crucial impact on the performance of high-rise buildings. In this paper, a multiobjective genetic algorithm (MGA) is applied to an existing mathematical model of outrigger braced structures and a practical project to achieve Pareto optimal solutions, which treat the top drift and core base moment of a high-rise building as 2 trade-off objective functions. MATLAB was employed to explore a multiobjective automatic optimization procedure for the optimal design of outrigger numbers and locations under wind load. In this research, various schemes for the preliminary stages of design can be obtained using MGA. This allows designers and clients easily to compare the performance of structural systems with different numbers of outriggers in different locations.In addition, design results based on MGA offer many other benefits, such as diversity, flexible options for designers, and active client participation. KEYWORDShigh-rise building, multiobjective genetic algorithm, optimum design, outrigger braced system, Pareto optimal solution, wind load