The
extraction of lithium from seawater has attracted much interest
as a means to meet increasing demand for lithium with the rapid expansion
of the electric vehicle and electronics markets. Herein, a renewable
and recyclable hydrogen manganese oxide (HMO)-modified cellulose film
was developed and investigated toward the extraction of lithium from
lithium-containing aqueous solutions. The porous film was characterized,
and its extraction efficacy and selectivity toward lithium from an
aqueous solution (ppm level) and seawater (ppb level) were investigated.
The HMO/cellulose film exhibited a higher Li+ adsorption
capacity (21.6 mg g–1 HMO) than HMO/polymer (e.g.,
poly(vinyl chloride) or poly(vinylidene fluoride)) films, which have
been examined in the literature for lithium extraction, because of
its multidimensional porosity and hydrophilicity. The kinetics analysis
based on a pseudo-second-order model indicated that the Li+ extraction rate of the HMO/cellulose film was 3 times higher than
that achieved by the HMO particle alone (i.e., 0.075; cf. 0.023 g
mg–1 h–1). Furthermore, the HMO/cellulose
film displayed high selectivity for Li+ when exposed to
seawaterthe extraction of Li+ reached 99%, whereas
that of the other ions present in seawater (i.e., Sr2+,
K+, and Ca2+) was <4%. In addition, the adsorption
capacity and mechanical strength of the HMO/cellulose film remained
stable even after eight adsorption–desorption cycles. The present
findings demonstrate the potential of the present HMO/cellulose film
for the recovery of Li+ from seawater or wastewater.
Cauliflower-like NiCo 2 S 4 nanoparticles (NPs) for use as battery-type materials have been synthesized via a simple one-step route solvothermal method with thioacetamide (TAA) as the sulfur source. The synthesis of the Ni-Co precursors and the S 2− anion exchange reactions occur at the same time, which is timeeffective and cost-effective compared to other methods. The obtained NiCo 2 S 4 NPs display very competitive electrochemical performance (a specific capacitance of 2480 F g −1 is achieved at a current density of 0.5 A g −1 , excellent rate capability with 68% of the original capacitance remained at 10 A g −1 and ideal cycle stability with 80% capacitance remained after 3000 cycles) with high mass-loading (5 mg cm −2 ). In addition, low-cost activated balsam pear pulp (ABPP) is developed as a capacitor-type carbon material for supercapacitors with ideal electrochemical performances. The asymmetric hybrid capacitors (AHCs) are further assembled into pouch cells using battery-type NiCo 2 S 4 NPs as the positive electrode, capacitor-type ABPP as the negative electrode and flexible carbon papers as the current collector. The AHCs demonstrate high power density (3.52 kW kg −1 at an energy density of 3.72 Wh kg −1 ) and cycle stability (72.4% after 9000 cycles).
A novel copper-catalyzed synthesis of quinazolinones from easily available 2-arylindoles and amines or ammoniums has been developed, which provided various quinazolinones in up to 99% yields for 43 examples. This strategy features tolerance of a wide range of functional groups, easily available starting materials, simple operation, mild reaction conditions, and environmental friendliness.
Manganese-catalyzed C–H bond
functionalization of aryl amidines
for the synthesis of 1-aminoisoquinolines in the presence of vinylene
carbonate has been developed. The reaction features a broad substrate
scope and proceeds under mild reaction conditions with only the carbonate
anion as the byproduct.
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