People in Indonesia are now starting to care about maintaining health and avoiding the use of chemical compounds in food ingredients. Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is a type of vegetable that is well known in Indonesian society. The use of organic-based fertilizers is one of the way to produce mustard plants organically and make the product relatively healthier. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of organic fertilizer produced by BSF (Black Soldier Fly) (Hermetia illucens) maggot (frass) and liquid organic waste from catfish ponds on the growth of mustard (Brassica juncea L.
Maggot is known to be able to become a bioconversion agent with three by-products, including the main product is Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae which can be used as animal feed because it contains protein. The second product is liquid from larval activity which can be used as liquid fertilizer. The last product is dry organic waste which can be used for plant fertilizer. Based on several explanations, research can be carried out on the feed media given to BSF maggots from various organic wastes. The media used are organic household waste, chicken manure, and a mixture of the two. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments consisting of 3 replications. Factors influencing the type of growth media are 100% chicken manure, 50% chicken manure + 50% organic household waste, and 100% organic household waste. Based on observations, the highest maggot weight and length treatment was found in the 50% Chicken Manure + 50% Household Waste treatment where the average weight was 0.0474 gr and the maggot length was 13,29091 mm.
The main factor influencing catfish farming activities is the use of feed. Catfish feed in the form of fish pellets has a relatively expensive price, thereby reducing profits in catfish farming, so alternative feeds are needed. An alternative feed that has the potential to be used in catfish farming is BSF (Black Soldier Fly) maggot. This BSF maggot has a high nutritional content, namely 42-45% protein, 31-35% fat, 20% ash residue. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of using a mixture of BSF maggot and pellets on the growth of catfish. The feed given to catfish is fish pellet, a mixture of fish pellet with BSF maggot, and BSF maggot. This study used a completely randomized design method (CRD) with 4 different treatments of BSF maggot percentage, each treatment had 5 replications with. The variations used were 0% BSF maggot and 100% fish pellet, 25% BSF maggot and 75% fish pellet, 75% BSF maggot and 25% fish pellet, and 100% BSF maggot. Feeds are given 3% of total body weight of the fishes. The results showed that feed variations with 0% BSF maggot and 100% fish pellet is the best feed for increasing length and weight with 2,467 cm and 12,67 gr growth but has a low survival rate with only 20% thus making the EFU value 16,72% which is relatively low. On the other hand feed variation with 25% BSF maggot and 75% fish pellets is the second best for increasing length and weight with 2,3 cm and 10,8 gr growth and has a really high survival rate with 90% thus making the EFU highest value 64,15%.
Indonesia is the third largest cacao producer and exporter in the world after Ghana and Ivory Coast. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the metal elements that is often found contained in cacao plants which usually accumulates in cacao bean. Excessive accumulation of Cadmium (Cd) can cause harmful effects on soil, plants, microorganisms, and humans. Soil properties such as texture and pH closely related to Cd elements transportation from soil to cacao bean through plant uptake. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of metal cadmium (Cd) in cacao plantation soil in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta and its correlation with soil properties. Soil samples in Banjarharjo village were taken from 10 location of different cacao farm and then divided into two types: disturbed with 2 different lengths (0 -10 cm and 10 -20 cm) and undisturbed. Land conditions and farm management (tree age, treatment, other type of trees, and environment) was recorded from interview to the farmers. The soil texture (silt, clay, sand), particle density, bulk density, organic content, and soil pH ranging between silt (26,82 %), clay (22,26 %) and sand (11.96 %) until silt (39.24 %), clay (52.09 %) and sand (49.04 %); 1.85 g/cm 3 until 2.52 g/cm3; 0.66 g/cm 3 until 1.08 g/cm 3 ; 0.48 % until 5.76 %; and 5.85 until 7.68, respectively. The AOAC method was used to measure the Cd content with instrument using ICP-MS. Cd content in soil ranging between 0.105 mg/kg until 0.27 mg/kg with The highest concentration of Cd in cacao farm soil 0 -10 cm were found in location 6 and cacao farm soil in 10 -20 cm were found in locations 6 and 9. This result showed that 10 sites of cacao farms in Banjarharjo were below the critical limit of Cd in agricultural soil based on EU (3 mg kg -1 ) and US EPA (0.43 mg kg -1 ). Concentration Cd in soil at depth 0 -10 cm positively strong correlated with organic matter (r = 0.83, P < 0.01). Concentration Cd in soil at depth 10 -20 cm negatively correlated with clay percentage in soil (r = -0.68, P < 0.05).
The need of people's animal protein increases every year. One of the alternative sources of animal protein that can be easily obtained is Jowo Super chicken (Gallus domesticus), a hybrid resulting from Kampong chicken and laying hens. However, the high cost of the chicken food causes hardships for breeders in the process of achieving production efficiency whereas it contributes 60%-70% of the whole production cost. One of the ways that can be used and be the solution in the effort to suppress the food and production cost is by applying the Integrated System of Crops -Livestock -Fish. This research has the purpose to find the effect on the feed variation on Jowo Super chicken (Gallus domesticus) based on the treatments towards each food variation. This research was done in Biological Physics
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