Background: Small-scale studies have identified temperature and other meteorological factors as risk factors for human health. However, only a few have quantified the specific impact of meteorological factors on mumps. A quantitative examination of the exposure–response relationship between meteorological factors and mumps is needed to provide new insights for multi-city analysis. Methods: The daily recorded number of mumps cases and meteorological data in 17 cities of Shandong Province from 2009 to 2017 were collected. A two-stage model was built to explore the relationship between meteorological factors and mumps. Results: A total of 104,685 cases of mumps were recorded from 2009 to 2017. After controlling for seasonality and long-term trends, the effect of low temperature on mumps was significant at the provincial level, with a cumulative RR of 1.035 (95%CI: 1.002–1.069) with a 1-day lagged effect. The proportion of primary and middle school students was determined as an effect modifier, which had a significant impact on mumps (Stat = 8.374, p = 0.039). There was heterogeneity in the combined effect of temperature on mumps (Q = 95.447, p = 0.000), and its size was I2 = 49.7%. Conclusions: We have identified a non-linear relationship between mumps and temperature in Shandong Province. In particular, low temperatures could bring more cases of mumps, with certain lagged effects. More public health measures should be taken to reduce the risks when temperatures are low, especially for cities with a high proportion of primary and secondary school students.
Researchers discovered that the direct costs associated with meteorological hazards were on the rise across the nation, but there were few investigations into the internal mechanisms. On the basis of 16 years of data from 2003 to 2018, the patterns of tropical cyclone disasters in China were analyzed using a linear regression model, innovative trend, coupling degree, and geo-science analysis. Against the backdrop of rising direct economic losses over time, it has been discovered that large-scale disasters costing more than 30 billion yuan in recent years are the primary causes of the upward trend. Although tropical cyclones have moved northward since 2011, this phenomenon cannot explain the above pattern. Furthermore, this paper conducts a spatiotemporal correlation analysis of tropical cyclones and their impacts in an effort to reveal the evolvement of losses at smaller spatial units, as opposed to previous studies that conducted relatively independent analyses of space or time. It is found that the periodicity in disaster loss variables emerges at provincial level, whereas the national aggregation omits these specifics. Given that the association between frequency and losses lessens, particularly in provinces with medium/low levels of a predetermined disaster intensity index, this paper closes with recommendations for local risk preparation.
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