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Background: To investigate of the effect of vitamin D (Vit-D) deficiency on the tear film in children and compare it with that of healthy subjects. Methods: This prospective and cross-sectional study comprised 75 eyes of children who had Vit-D deficiency (Group 1) and 85 eyes of age- and gender-matched healthy children (Group 2). The tear-film break-up time (TF-BUT) and Schirmer test values, as well as the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores were recorded for the participants in all of the groups. Measurement of the tear meniscus area (TMA) and tear meniscus height (TMH) was performed 2 times in the same day via the use of anterior segment-optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Results: The mean age of the participants in Group 1 was 12.42±3.40 years, while in Group 2, it was 12.59±2.32 years (P=0.758). Group 1 comprised 43 females and 32 males, while Group 2 comprised 44 females and 41 males (P=0.250). The mean TMH, TMA, and Schirmer test values were determined to be significantly lower in children with Vit-D deficiency (Group 1) than in healthy children (Group 2), with P < 0.05 for all the values. It was determined that there was no significant difference concerning the value for the mean TF-BUT and OSDI scores (P=0.029 and P = 0.596). Conclusion: The children with Vit-D deficiency were determined to have lower TMH, TMA and Schirmer test values. The alterations that were observed in these parameters were more prominent in the participants who had lower Vit-D levels. Key words: dry eye sendrome, tear meniscus area, tear meniscus height, vitamin D deficiency ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Hintergrund: Es sollte die Wirkung von Vitamin D (Vit-D)-Mangel auf den Tränenfilm bei Kindern untersucht und mit der von gesunden Probanden verglichen werden. Methoden: Diese prospektive Querschnittsstudie umfasste 75 Augen von Kindern mit Vit-D-Mangel (Gruppe 1) und 85 Augen von alters- und geschlechtsangepassten gesunden Kindern (Gruppe 2). Die Aufreißzeit des Tränenfilms (TF-BUT) und Schirmer-Testwerte sowie die Werte des Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) wurden für die Teilnehmer in allen Gruppen aufgezeichnet. Die Messung der Tränenmeniskusfläche (TMA) und der Tränenmeniskushöhe (TMH) wurde 2 Mal am selben Tag unter Verwendung einer optischen Kohärenztomographie des vorderen Segments (AS-OCT) durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Das Durchschnittsalter der Teilnehmer in Gruppe 1 betrug 12,42 ± 3,40 Jahre, während es in Gruppe 2 12,59 ± 2,32 Jahre betrug (p = 0,758). Gruppe 1 umfasste 43 Frauen und 32 Männer, während Gruppe 2 44 Frauen und 41 Männer umfasste (p = 0,250). Die mittleren TMH-, TMA- und Schirmer-Testwerte waren bei Kindern mit Vit-D-Mangel (Gruppe 1) signifikant niedriger als bei gesunden Kindern (Gruppe 2), mit P < 0,05 für alle Werte. Es wurde festgestellt, dass es keinen signifikanten Unterschied bezüglich des Werts für die mittleren TF-BUT- und OSDI-Scores gab (P = 0,029 und P = 0,596). Schlussfolgerung: Bei den Kindern mit Vit-D-Mangel wurden niedrigere TMH-, TMA- und Schirmer-Testwerte festgestellt. Die bei diesen Parametern beobachteten Veränderungen waren bei den Teilnehmern mit niedrigeren Vit-D-Spiegeln ausgeprägter.

Introduction:The purpose of this study is to show whether or not there is a relationship between number of visits in shipyard workers who visit clinics with complaints of foreign bodies in their cornea and parameters of working hours, duration of working in years, time of working without a break and age.Methods: All patients who visited the Emergency Service of the Ahi Evran University Research and Training Hospital between 1 March 2018 and 31 March 2019 with complaints of corneal foreign bodies were examined based on their number of visits in the last one year, daily hours of work, duration of working in years, time of working without a break and age. While corneal foreign body traumas for up to 3 times in the last one year were included in one group, those that were experienced for 4 times or more frequently were included in the other group.Results: 140 male patients were included in the study. While 67 of the participants were included in the group of patients with corneal foreign body traumas for up to 3 times in the past year, 73 were included in the group of patients with corneal foreign body traumas for 4 times or more frequently in the past year. There was a statistically significant relationship between experiencing corneal foreign body traumas for 4 times or more frequently per year and more daily working hours, longer times of working without a break, short working period and younger age (p-value: < 0.001). Conclusion:Corneal foreign bodies are eye injuries that may lead to loss of sight or reduced sight and are associated with loss of labor and increased treatment costs. In our study, among the patients who came up with complaints of corneal foreign body traumas for 4 times or more per year, the risk factors was observed to consist of long daily working hours, long time of working without a break, shortness of the time of starting work and early age.