This study was conducted to determine the effect of increased temperature and carbon dioxide levels on the seed germination and plant growth of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.).
Methods and Results:The study was carried out in a fully automated temperature and carbon dioxide application greenhouse in 2019. As germination parameters; Gmax, T50, T90, GUI75-25, GUI90-10 values, and plant height, root length, plant fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight were calculated as plant growth parameters. As a result of the studies, it was determined that the increase in temperature and carbon dioxide decreased the germination power of A. artemisiifolia, while the increase in temperature significantly reduced the germination time. It was determined that the increase in temperature and carbon dioxide had a positive effect on plant and root length, but this increase was not statistically significant. In addition, it was determined that there were increases in plant and root fresh and dry weight and these increases were statistically significant (except plant dry weight). In temperature X carbon dioxide interaction, it was found that the best effect on the increase in plant growth parameters was at 29 ° C X 800 ppm. Conclusions: With the increase of temperature and carbon dioxide, the germination power of the plant was negatively affected and a decrease of 48.48% and 38.71%, respectively, was determined. However, it was determined that the increase in temperature and the germination period positively affected the plant growth parameters. It has been determined that there is a 44.78% decrease in T50 value and 50% decrease in T90 value. The increase in temperature and carbon dioxide increased plant length 18.54% and 19.76%, root length 7.42% and 9.83%, plant fresh weight 52.20% and 47.38%, root fresh weight 107.68% and 209.53%, plant dry weight 113.34% and 50.91%, root dry weight It has been calculated that it increased its weight by 625.41% and 315.80%. Significance and Impact of the Study: In line with the results obtained, it is revealed that increasing temperature and carbon dioxide encourage the high plant weight and rapid growth of invasive species and consequently increase the invasion potential of these plants.
This study was carried out under field conditions in Adana, Turkey in 2018 and 2019 to determine the critical period for weed control in sunflower depending on the daily growth temperature (GDD) and weed species. A log-logistic model with four parameters was used to determine the relationship between relative crop yield and both increased weed intervention time and length of weed-free periods. In addition, dominant weeds and weed densities were determined in the experimental area. Data obtained from different periods of weed intervention were compared with data obtained from seasonal weed-free plots. During the sunflower growing season, 37.4% – 41.04% yield loss was determined in sunflower due to weed competition. For 5% acceptable yield loss in the first year, the critical period in weed control was determined as 243-1181 GDD; this is 24-86 days after the crop emergence (DAE) . It was found between 269 and 1409 GDD (16-72 DAE) in the second year. In sunflower, it was determined that the removal of weeds from the plot in the weed-free period started within 2-3 weeks from the emergence and continued for 10-12 weeks. These findings may help sunflower growers to plan and implement cost-effective and appropriate weed control programs.
Kır teresi (Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.), küçük ısırgan (Urtica urens L.) ve kara banotu (Hyoscyamus niger L.) tohumlarının çimlenme biyolojilerinin araştırılması Investigation of germination biology of some weed seeds such as hoary cress (Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.), annual nettle (Urtica urens L.) and black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.
The essential oil yield was obtained from the rosemary plant at the rate of 0.93 mL/100 g, and 1,8-cineol, camphor, isoborneol, α-pinene were identified as the highest component. While the total phenolic content in the essential oil of the rosemary plant was 13.87 mg GAE/g (DW) and the IC50 value was 15.02 μg extract mL–1, the DPPH antioxidant activity value was obtained as 38.43%. For the investigation of herbicidal effect of the essential oils on seed germination , different doses (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 16.0 μL Petri–1) were used on 2 crop plants (pepper and wheat) and 4 weeds: (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.), (Amaranthus albus L.), (Avena fatua L.) and (Sinapis arvensis L.). It was determined that as the applied amount of essential oil increased, the germination of the seeds was more suppressed. The highest effect of essential oil was detected in 16 μl Petri–1 dose application in all treated seeds.
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