Planting maize (Zea mays L.) reasonably densely and adding amounts of appropriate nitrogen fertilizer are essential measures to improve the efficiency of maize yield and nitrogen use. In this study, two planting densities of 7.5 × 104 plants ha−1 and 12.0 × 104 plants ha−1 were established with the maize varieties DengHai 618 (DH618) and XianYu 335 (XY335). Simultaneously, 18 levels of nitrogen application were established, including a lack of nitrogen (N0) and increments of 45 kg ha−1 nitrogen up to 765 (N765) kg ha−1. The variables studied included the effects of the rate of nitrogen application on the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and the yield under drip irrigation, and they were integrated into water–fertilizer integration. The results indicated that the yield, harvest index, and dry matter accumulation of maize displayed a trend of increasing and then tending to be flat as the amount of nitrogen applied increased. The use of linear plus platform equation fitting indicated that the change in yield with nitrogen administered had the lowest turning point at N = 279 and N = 319, respectively. The next parameter that was measured was the harvest index. When highly dense maize was grown before silking, the rate of nitrogen applied was more obviously impacted by the accumulation of dry matter. The harvest index contributed 22.9–27.2% of the yield, and the total dry matter accumulation before and after silking contributed more than 70% of the production. Increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is beneficial to prolonging the dry matter accumulation time and increasing the dry matter accumulation rate. The accumulation amount of dry matter was positively correlated with accumulation time and rate, and the correlation between dry matter and accumulation rate was greater. In conclusion, applying the right amount of nitrogen can dramatically increase the harvest index, accumulation of materials, and yield, with dry matter accumulation having the greatest influence on yield. The creation of dry matter is influenced by the time and rate of its accumulation, with its rate serving as the primary controlling factor.
The rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and close planting are two important ways to obtain high yields and efficient growth from maize (Zea mays L.). This study utilized the maize varieties DengHai 618 and XianYu 335 as test materials from 2019 to 2020 and the maize variety XianYu 335 as the test material in 2021. The planting densities were 7.5 × 104 plants ha−1 and 12.0 × 104 plants ha−1, respectively. Application rates of nitrogen within the range of 0–765 kg ha−1 per 45 kg ha−1 were considered the nitrogen application gradient. The results showed that as the nitrogen application rate increased, the yield of the maize increased at first and then tended to remain flat. Under conditions of 7.5 × 104 plants ha−1 density, the best yield was 17.6–20.2 t ha−1, and the required nitrogen application rate was 219–337 kg ha−1. Under conditions of 12.0 × 104 plants ha−1 density, the best yield was 18.7–21.9 t ha−1, and the required nitrogen application rate was 243–378 kg ha−1. With the increase in the nitrogen application rate, the dry matter weight showed a linear/platform relationship in each growth period. The best nitrogen application rate was obtained for dry matter accumulation in various stages by fitting the nitrogen application rate and dry matter accumulation in different stages. It is concluded that when the planting density was 7.5 × 104 plants ha−1, the recommended nitrogen application rate was 340 kg ha−1, and the distribution ratio of the nitrogen application rates before and after silking were 61.2% and 38.8%, respectively. When the planting density was 12.0 × 104 plants ha−1, the recommended nitrogen application rate was 380 kg ha−1, and the distribution rates before and after flowering were 65.8% and 34.2%, respectively. In summary, increasing planting density can improve maize yield, and the amount of nitrogen applied should be increased before flowering.
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