BackgroundMany factors may lead to sperm DNA damage. However, it is little known that the correlations of sperm DNA damage with obesity-associated markers, and reproductive hormones and lipids levels in serum and seminal plasma.MethodsIn our prospective study, a total of 1 010 subfertile men, aged from 18 to 50 years old, were enrolled from August 2012 through June 2015. Their obesity-associated markers, semen parameters, sperm acrosomal enzyme activity, seminal plasma biochemical markers, and reproductive hormones and lipids levels in serum and seminal plasma were detected. Sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was determined by sperm chromatin structure assay. The correlations between DFI and each of the above-mentioned variables were analyzed.ResultsSpearman correlation analysis showed that sperm DFI was positively related to age and abstinence time (P<0.001). Sperm DFI was also positively related to semen volume and percent of abnormal sperm head (P<0.001), while negatively related to sperm concentration, progressive motility (PR), sperm motility, total normal-progressively motile sperm count (TNPMS), percent of normal sperm morphology (NSM), percent of intact acrosome and acrosomal enzyme activity (P<0.001). Sperm DFI was positively related to seminal plasma zinc level (P<0.001) but unrelated to seminal plasma total α-glucotase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and fructose levels. There was no any correlation between sperm DFI and obesity-associated markers such as body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and serum lipids levels, but there was positive correlation between sperm DFI and seminal plasma triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels (P<0.001). Sperm DFI was positively related to serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and seminal plasma FSH and estradiol (E2) levels (P<0.001), but unrelated to serum and seminal plasma testosterone (T) levels. The multivariate regression analysis for the variables which were significantly correlated with sperm DFI in Spearman correlation analysis showed that age, semen volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, TNPMS and intact acrosome were independently correlated with sperm DFI.ConclusionsThere are many potential factors associated with sperm DFI, including age, abstinence time, spermatogenesis and maturation, seminal plasma lipids and reproductive hormones levels. However, the potential effects of seminal plasma lipids and reproductive hormones on sperm DNA damage need still to be demonstrated by the studies with scientific design and a large size of samples.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12958-018-0345-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Objectives: To explore if and how the microbiota changed in PCOS women against healthy women. Methods: Eight obese PCOS (PO group), ten non-obese PCOS (PN group) and nine healthy normal-weight women (control) (C group) were enrolled. Insulin (INS), testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen (E2) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were detected with radioimmunoassay. Anti mullerian hormone (AMH), fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay, glucose oxidase method and HPLC, respectively. Gut microbiota composition was evaluated by PCR. Alpha diversity was assessed using Chao1 and Shannon index. Results: PCOS women showed significantly higher T, LH, LH/FSH and lower FSH levels than control(p<0.05). AMH level was significantly higher in PO than PN group(p<0.05). PO group presented significantly higher fasting insulin level and HMOA-IR scores than other groups, lower observed SVs and alpha diversity than C group, higher beta diversity than PN group(p<0.05), and decreased in abundances of genera (mainly butyrate producers). Regression analysis showed decreased abundances of several genera were correlated with higher circulating testosterone and impaired glucose metabolism. Conclusions: PCOS is associated with changes in the gut microbiota composition. Obesity has a driving role in the development of dysbiotic gut microbiota in PCOS.
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