High surface functional groups concentration, excellent dynamical stability and mechanical properties are ideal for biomedical plasma polymers. Herein, we report a simple and effective approach to fabricating such an ideal plasma polymeric allylamine film on 316L stainless steel (SS) by pulsed plasma polymerization. The experimental results show that the concentration of the primary amine groups (NH2/C) of the plasma polymeric allylamine film was 2.4 ± 0.4%. The plasma polymeric allylamine film possesses not only high surface NH2 concentration, but also high cross‐linking degree and close‐knit network structure that could well resist hydrolysis, and dissolution in the aqueous solution. Furthermore, the plasma polymeric allylamine film was used as a stent coating that shows a good resistance to the deformation behaviour of compression and expansion of the stent.

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Optical clocks are the most precise measurement devices. Here we experimentally characterize one such clock based on the 1S0-3P0 transition of neutral 171Yb atoms confined in an optical lattice. Given that the systematic evaluation using an interleaved stabilization scheme is unable to avoid noise from the clock laser, synchronous comparisons against a second 171Yb lattice system were implemented to accelerate the evaluation. The fractional instability of one clock falls below 4 × 10−17 after an averaging over a time of 5,000 seconds. The systematic frequency shifts were corrected with a total uncertainty of 1.7 × 10−16. The lattice polarizability shift currently contributes the largest source. This work paves the way to measuring the absolute clock transition frequency relative to the primary Cs standard or against the International System of Units (SI) second.

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Domestic wastewater was treated by five constructed wetland beds in series. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) collected from influent and effluent samples from the constructed wetland was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy combined with fluorescence regional integration (FRI), parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis, and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS). This study evaluates the capability of these methods in detecting the spectral characteristics of fluorescent DOM fractions and their changes in constructed wetlands. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) combined with FRI analysis showed that protein-like materials displayed a higher removal ratio compared to humic-like substances. The PARAFAC analysis of wastewater DOM indicated that six fluorescent components, i.e., two protein-like substances (C1 and C6), three humic-like substances (C2, C3 and C5), and one non-humic component (C4), could be identified. Tryptophan-like C1 was the dominant component in the influent DOM. The removal ratios of six fluorescent components (C1-C6) were 56.21, 32.05, 49.19, 39.90, 29.60, and 45.87 %, respectively, after the constructed wetland treatment. Furthermore, 2D-COS demonstrated that the sequencing of spectral changes for fluorescent DOM followed the order 298 nm → 403 nm → 283 nm (310-360 nm) in the constructed wetland, suggesting that the peak at 298 nm is associated with preferential tryptophan fluorescence removal. Variation of the fluorescence index (FI) and the ratio of fluorescence components indicated that the constructed wetland treatment resulted in the decrease of fluorescent organic pollutant with increasing the humification and chemical stability of the DOM.

Laser light at 578 nm is frequency-stabilized to two independent 30-cm-long Fabry-Pérot cavities. To achieve a thermal-noise-limited cavity length stability, the geometry and support configuration of the Fabry-Pérot cavities are optimized. The fractional frequency instability of each cavity-stabilized laser system is 2 × 10 at 1 s averaging time, approaching to the thermal-noise-induced length instability of the reference cavity. The most probable linewidth of each laser system is about 0.2 Hz, and the laser frequency noise at Fourier frequency of 1 Hz is 0.1 Hz/√Hz.

We present a detailed study of the clock-transition spectrum of cold 171 Yb ytterbium atoms in a 1D optical lattice. A typical clock-transition spectrum with a carrier-sideband structure is observed. After minimizing the power broadening effect and compensating the stray magnetic field, the carrier linewidth is narrowed to about 16 Hz for a 60 ms interrogation time. By increasing the interrogation time to 150 ms, the linewidth is further reduced to 6.8 Hz. By applying the bias magnetic field parallel to the clock-laser polarization, a two-peak spectrum corresponding to two π transitions is obtained. Finally, spin polarization of atoms to a single desired Zeeman sublevel of the ground state is also demonstrated. The presented results will be very useful for developing better optical lattice clocks.

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