Historic buildings in urban areas are valuable heritage and would require effective design for renovation to upgrade these buildings while preserving their heritage characteristics. This current study evaluated renovation requirements: loss of natural and spatial characteristics, single function and lack of building facade design, of a courtyard building in a Beijing historical district. Limitations of the ‘multiple coexistence’ design concept were analysed to fully achieve integration of historical, cultural, social, educational, commercial and economic values while preserving their natural characteristics. Intelligent control strategy and equipment can reshape the spatial lay out and natural environment, to enhance the building function and social value. The design strategy of the skylight to be installed in the courtyard was evaluated by simulation in this study. CFD simulation results show that the air temperature in the courtyard can increase 20% by incorporating a skylight that can be automatically closed in winter. During the summer, the skylight would be open to largely reduce the average air temperature by 1.2°C. The visual impact of external equipment can be mitigated by adding decoration to the courtyard facade. The findings should inform future development of a new design concept, to provide design paradigms for the renewal and renovation of similar historic buildings.
In order to balance energy consumption and save energy as the starting point, an algorithm of LEACH–GAE protocol based on energy balance is put forward for LEACH protocol improvement ,which combined with genetic algorithm and ant colony in view of the problem of LEACH in choosing its cluster head selection,cluster heads and base station communication deficiencies. The simulation results show that LEACH-GAE protocol can effectively balance the energy consumption and prolong the network life cycle.
Certificateless Public Key Cryptography (CL-PKC) overcomes not only the key escrow problem in public key cryptography but also the cost of the certificate publishing and management in the Certificateless Public Key Cryptography (CL-PKC). No certificate public key cryptosystem just meet the requirements of this, but it relies on a special authentication server, which has high operating costs and lack of flexibility and it cannot meet the requirements of wireless sensor networks directly. Considering these problems, a multi-node of synergy certificateless authentication approach is proposed for WSN. The certificate of the nodes would be done by the certification set. And the set was consited of trusted neighbor nodes. Analysis indicates that this certification meets the security requirements of general wireless sensor networks and has advantages of low-cost and high efficiency.
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