An inexpensive resonant optoacoustic monitoring system using near-infrared laser diodes was developed. It was demonstrated that wavelength modulation at the resonance frequency of the cell provides a superior signal-to-noise ratio compared with amplitude modulation and eliminates background drifts and fluctuations. The system was tested out on ammonia. Its sensitivity is 8 parts in 10(9) (S/N = 1) at atmospheric pressure, which corresponds to a minimum detectable absorption coefficient of approximately 3.5 × 10(-11) cm(-1) W(-1). The pressure dependence of the optoacoustic resonance was also investigated. The monitor can be used as a continuous flow-through system up to a flow rate of approximately 3.5 L/min.

A compact temperature-insensitive optical fiber twist sensor based on multi-phase-shifted helical long period fiber grating has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this paper. A multi-phase-shifted helical long period fiber grating is fabricated with a multi-period rotation technology. A π/2 and a 3π/2 phase shift is introduced in the helical long period fiber grating by changing the period. The helical pitch can be effectively changed with a different twist rate, which is measured by calculating the wavelength difference between two phase shift peaks. Although the wavelength of the phase shift peak also shifts with a change of the temperature, the wavelength difference between two phase shift peaks is constant due to two fixed phase shifts in the helical long period fiber grating, which is extremely insensitive to temperature change for the multi-phase-shifted helical long period fiber grating. The experimental results show that a sensitivity of up to 1.959 nm/(rad/m) is achieved.

A compact all-fiber magnetic field sensor based on the magnetic gel coated hollow core fiber (HCF) has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A double-layered Fabry-Perot resonator is formed by coating a magnetic gel layer on the surface of the HCF. Anti-resonant reflecting guidance of light can be achieved in the HCF, and leaky mode is induced at resonant wavelength of the double-layered Fabry-Perot resonator, which results in lossy dips in the transmission spectrum of the HCF. Due to the tunable magneto-elastic effect, the shape of the magnetic gel is deformed with the external magnetic field, which results in a change of the resonate condition for the double-layered Fabry-Perot resonator. The magnetic field can be measured by interrogating the wavelength of the lossy dip. The experimental results show that a magnetic field sensitivity of 245  pm/Oe is achieved.

On the basis of the classical computed torque control method, a new composite nonlinear feedback design method for robot manipulators with uncertainty is presented. The resulting controller consists of the composite nonlinear feedback control and robust control. The core is to use the robust control for online approximation of the system’s uncertainty as a compensation term for the composite nonlinear feedback controller. The design method of the new controller is given, and the convergence of the closed-loop system is proved. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can make the uncertain robot system have strong robustness and anti-interference ability.

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A transfer-matrix method is used to study cylindrical-wave reflection at cylindrical media interfaces. We find that the reflection can be total at an interface of small radius but is only partial if the radius is large. This feature is useful for designing optical sources and receivers of small radii. Cylindrical-wave multicylindrical-layer antireflection coatings are also studied. We find that conventional quarterwavelength layer designs cannot be used for these coatings, and new design principles are outlined.

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