Lithium metal batteries have become potential high-energy
storage
devices because lithium metal has excellent theoretical capacity and
low reduction potential. Unfortunately, the reckless growth of lithium
dendrites leads to the decrease in Coulombic efficiency and the attenuation
of cycle performance. Herein, we propose a collaborative assembly
approach for a fluorine-enriched heterostructured solid electrolyte
interphase (SEI) on lithium metal to enable stable and ultralong-life
lithium metal batteries. The fluorine-enriched heterostructured SEI
consists of an artificial precursor substrate K2ZrF6 and an epigenetically assembled LiF layer, and the composite
structure cooperatively realizes the rapid conduction of Li+ ions and inhibits the formation of lithium dendrites. Benefiting
from the heterostructured SEI, the symmetric cell exhibits an ultralong-time
stable cycle of more than 7000 h at a high current and capacity density
(4 mA cm–2 and 4 mA h cm–2, respectively),
much longer than that of the lithium cell. Besides, the LiFePO4 full battery (LFP||Li–Zr) enables substantially enhanced
cyclability over 800 cycles at 1 C. This work paves the way for dendrite-free
and long-life lithium metal batteries with well-balanced heterostructured
SEI engineering.
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