The study results of changes in the larch forests’ structure and biodiversity in the upper Khilok River basin (right tributary of the Selenga River) affected by the climate change and forest fires in the period from 1996 to 2018 are presented. It was found that the area of closed forests decreased by an average of 51 %, the burnt forest area and burnt timber increased by 46%, dwarf birches decreased by 12 %, the natural reforestation of the sample areas is 90 % poor and unsatisfactory. It was revealed that due to fires in forest communities, the total number of plant species and lichens decreases, indices of species wealth and biodiversity concentration decrease in plant communities, and the ratio of species of latitudinal geographical groups (forest, steppe and meadow) changes. It is shown that with further climate aridization, an increase in the area of dwarf birches communities after fires can lead to the replacement of forests with shrubby, and later grassy communities. It is recommended to continue research on changes in the structure and biological diversity of plant communities in the selected model areas due to an increase in the amount of spring-summer precipitation in the region.
The urgency of the problem is caused by the lack of data on the formation, morphology, dynamics, features of ravine development in mountain relief, contrast of natural conditions and landscapes of areas of Eastern Siberia. The aim of the work is to study the dynamics of development of gullies under the influence of dangerous meteorological phenomena in the territories of the forest natural zone in the mountain and foothill areas of pine and larch forests in the territory of Eastern Transbaikalia. For the research, an experimental station was selected on the slope of a pine forest after wildfires, where field surveys of the ravine-gully system with the use of instrumental surveys were carried out. The analysis of data obtained from field studies and space images made it possible to identify the basic morphometric parameters of four ravines at different stages of their development and construct a model of a ravine-gully network. In addition, the floristic composition of the surveyed area was studied, represented by a small number of grasses, bushes and trees; the soil cover of gullies is represented mainly by eroded rocks: sandstones and sandy loams. The materials of the article can be useful to geographers, geomorphologists, ecologists, biologists when drawing up plans for the economic use of the territory, counter-erosion measures, when designing road transport routes for determining areas of increased danger of development of ravine erosion, when allocating recreational areas or nature protection zones.
Изучено состояние лесного фонда Байкальского региона на примере Забайкальского края, а также лесозащитное районирование. Показана связь лесных площадей и земель, покрытых лесной растительностью, с климатом и антропогенными факторами. Дана подробная характеристика насаждений с нарушенной и утраченной биологической устойчивостью. Выявлены причины ослабления и гибели лесных насаждений. Приведены данные об очагах вредителей и болезней леса, их площади и динамике развития. Дана оценка эффективности проводимых мероприятий по защите леса. Показан прогноз дальнейшей лесопатологической ситуации. Существенные антропогенные нагрузки, которым подвергается рассматриваемая территория, в первую очередь отражаются на состоянии растительного покрова. Так, например, пожары способствуют ухудшению состояния лесных массивов (в некоторых случаях их полному уничтожению), что в свою очередь отражается на стабильности цено-и генофонда. В настоящее время продолжаются процессы деградации лесов, поврежденных пожарами прошлых лет, обусловленные заселением насекомыми-вредителями и развитием болезней. При несвоевременном проведении санитарно-оздоровительных мероприятий (рубки ухода) лесных насаждений возможно возникновение очагов стволовых вредителей, ветровалов и буреломов. Повреждение насекомыми приводит к ряду последовательных изменений в лесных сообществах, вызывающих потерю прироста, ослабление и гибель древостоев, изменение породного состава насаждений. Максимальная гибель насаждений наблюдалась в 2009 г. на площади 681,0 га, а минимальная -в 2007 г. на площади 75,0 га. Это говорит о необходимости разработки особой стратегии охраны растительного покрова и об усилении мер контроля над ее осуществлением.Ключевые слова: лесные насаждения, пожары, климат, биологическая устойчивость, гибель лесов, насекомыевредители, лесопатологическая угроза, защита леса the results of the study state forests of Baikal region on the example of Zabaikalsky Krai, as well as forest zoning. the interrelation of forests and lands covered with forest vegetation, climate and anthropogenic factors. a detailed description of plantations with disturbed and lost biological stability is given. the causes of weakening and death of forest stands are revealed. the data on the outbreaks of pests and forest diseases, their area and dynamics of development are given. the evaluation of the effectiveness of the measures taken to protect the forest is given. the forecast of the further forest pathological situation is shown. significant anthropogenic pressures on the territory under consideration are primarily reflected in the state of the vegetation cover. For example, fires, contribute to the deterioration of the state of forest areas (in some cases, their complete destruction), which in turn affects the stability of the gene pool. Currently, the processes of degradation of forests damaged by fires of past years, caused by settling of pests and disease development, continue. if untimely sanitation is carried out (felling) of forest plantations, foci of stem pests and windfalls...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.