When propagating tall blueberries by lignified cuttings, the optimal type of substrate and the method of preparing cuttings for rooting have been established. It has been experimentally proven that lignified cuttings before planting for rooting are effectively furrowed (wounding in the lower part of the cuttings along the shoot axis), treated with Ukorzeniacz Baqua growth powder (0.2%) and rooted in a substrate consisting of high peat. At the same time, the rooting rate of the Bluecrop variety was 69% versus 47% in the control rooted on high-moor peat and against 37% in the control rooted on a mixture of high-moor peat with perlite. And in the Northland variety-79% versus 59% in the control rooted on high-moor peat and against 52% in the control rooted on a mixture of high-moor peat with perlite (1:1).
When growing tall blueberries in open ground on a substrate consisting of a mixture of high-moor peat, litter of conifers in a ratio of 2: 1, varietal differences of the studied varieties for the developed methods were revealed: planting on a flat surface; on ridges 25-35 cm high and 50-60 cm wide; on a flat surface with pine sawdust mulching (6-8 cm); on ridges 25-35 cm high and 50-60 cm wide with mulching with pine sawdust (6-8 cm); on a flat surface with root ball undercuts. When cultivating the Bluecrop variety, the best results were obtained when planting plants on ridges 25-35 cm high and 50-60 cm wide with additional mulching with pine sawdust, the total growth of the current year on average over two years of research was 758.0 cm against 516.8 cm in control, and the yield was 872.0 g versus 737.0 g. When growing the Elizabeth variety, the best results were obtained when planting plants on a flat surface with additional mulching with pine sawdust, the total growth of the current year on average for two years was 740.5 cm versus 605, 1 cm in the control, and the yield-428 g versus 216 g. Both studied varieties have a responsiveness to the use of mulching.
During clonal micro-propagation of grapes of interspecific origin of the Aleshenkin variety, it was revealed that the optimal type of explants for initiating a sterile culture are meristematic apexes 100 – 150 μm in height, which are advisable to be planted in test tubes on a nutrient medium according to the prescription of Quorin Lepuavr (QL) (Quoirin & Lepoivre, 1977) enriched with the following substances (mg/l): thiamine (B1), pyridoxine (B6), nicotinic acid (PP) – 0.5 each; 6-BAP – 0.1; inositol – 100; sucrose – 30,000, agar-agar – 7,000 and incubate for 70 days in a light room at an illumination intensity of 2,500 lux, a 16-hour photoperiod and a temperature of 20 – 22 C. At the multiplication stage, with two consecutive passages of 40 days of sub-culturing on a nutrient medium according to the prescription of Murashige and Skoog (MS) (Murashige & Skoog, 1962), enriched with the following substances (mg/l): thiamine (B1), pyridoxine (B6), nicotinic acid (PP) – 0.5 each; 6-BAP – 0.1, inositol – 100; sucrose – 30,000, agar-agar – 7,000, the advantage of this type of explants has been shown. Since in terms of the coefficient of multiplication, regenerant plants introduced into culture in vitro by meristematic apexes after the first passage were 2.3 times and after the second passage 1.4 times higher than the plants introduced into culture by micro-cuttings.
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