Carbon dioxide, as a mediator and metabolite, plays well-defined functions in the human body. Regulation of vascular tone is among them. In this review, we concentrated on mechanisms of CO2 influences the vascular tone depending on its concentration, some specificity of CO2 action in different regions of the circulatory system, age-related peculiarities, and under a variety of normal and pathological conditions of human body functioning. Finally, we highlighted controversial and unsolved issues that warranted further investigations.
Influence of diet low in simple carbohydrates on body mass index, insulin level and fibrinolysis parameters was studied in patients with arterial hypertension, overweight and hyperinsulinemia. Fifty patients aged 27-64 years were examined. Twenty six patients (group control) received standard antihypertensive therapy. Twenty four patients (main group) received the same therapy plus diet low in simple carbohydrates. An indicated diet restricting the intake of carbohydrates was prescribed for a 12-week period and made it possible to decrease body mass index (by 7 %), insulin level (by 27.8 %) and to increase significantly the activity of fibrinolysis.
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