Among children, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections are typically mild. Here, we describe the case of a 3.5-year-old girl with an unusually severe presentation of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The child had an autoinflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, which had been treated using prednisolone and methotrexate, and her parents were half cousins of Turkish descent. After 5 days of nonspecific viral infection symptoms, tonic-clonic seizures occurred followed by acute cardiac insufficiency, multi-organ insufficiency, and ultimate death. Trio exome sequencing identified a homozygous splice-variant in the gene TBK1, and a homozygous missense variant in the gene TNFRSF13B. Heterozygous deleterious variants in the TBK1 gene have been associated with severe COVID-19, and the variant in the TNFRSF13B gene has been associated with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). We suggest that the identified variants, the autoinflammatory disorder and its treatment, or a combination of these factors probably predisposed to lethal COVID-19 in the present case.
Specific power losses to corona and to leakage currents over overhead insulators are presented for 110 -750-kV transmission lines with different phase design and pole types for different weather conditions. Consumption of electric energy for ice melting on conductors of various cross sections is evaluated. Meteorological data of 1372 weather stations in Russia are processed for a period of 10 years. The territory of the country is divided into 7 regions with approximately homogeneous weather conditions. Specific power losses to corona and leakage currents over overhead insulators are presented for every region.Keywords: losses to corona, leakage currents over insulators of overhead transmission lines, power consumption for ice melting.Weather-depending power losses in overhead transmission lines (OL) include losses to corona and losses to leakage currents over insulators. The power spent for ice melting on conductors also belongs to this category and is classified as process loss by analogy with the consumption of power for feeding auxiliaries at substations. An additional factor in the action of weather conditions on power losses is the dependence of the active resistance of OL conductors on the ambient temperature.We have refined data on specific power losses to corona for OL rated for 220 -750 kV under various weather conditions and determined corona losses on OL rated for 110 kV OL and OL rated for 220 and 500 kV and erected within the sizes of 550-and 1150-kV lines. We will also present data on power losses to leakage currents over overhead insulators, consumption of power for ice-melting, and a formula for computation of active resistances of OL conductors at known density of operating current and known ambient temperature. We processed data of 1372 weather stations in different regions of Russia and commuted the annual losses to corona and to leakage currents over insulators, the values of which can help in computations in the absence of weather data for the computational period.Losses to corona. Losses to corona depend on the cross section of the conductor, on the operating voltage (the smaller the cross section and the higher the voltage, the greater the specific field intensity on the surface of the conductor and the higher the losses), on the design of the phase, and on the kind of weather. Specific losses in various weather conditions are determined experimentally. When the weather is poor, the losses grow considerably. For example, rime increases the loss value by a factor of 25 -40 relative to good weather. The duration of periods of different weather kinds also differs for different regions.Corona losses computed for 220 -750-kV lines with standard design of phases in accordance with the "Guidelines for allowance for corona losses and corona noise in choosing conductors for overhead 330 -750-kV ac transmission lines and 800 -1500-kV dc transmission lines" and with the use of additional experimental data obtained at VNIIÉ are presented in Table 1. Good weather periods (for the purpose of computation...
Marinova (2021) US-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) of abdominal tumors: outcome, early ablation-related laboratory changes and inflammatory reaction. A single-center experience from Germany,
Background High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is used for the treatment of symptomatic leiomyomas. We aim to automate uterine volumetry for tracking changes after therapy with a 3D deep learning approach. Methods A 3D nnU-Net model in the default setting and in a modified version including convolutional block attention modules (CBAMs) was developed on 3D T2-weighted MRI scans. Uterine segmentation was performed in 44 patients with routine pelvic MRI (standard group) and 56 patients with uterine fibroids undergoing ultrasound-guided HIFU therapy (HIFU group). Here, preHIFU scans (n = 56), postHIFU imaging maximum one day after HIFU (n = 54), and the last available follow-up examination (n = 53, days after HIFU: 420 ± 377) were included. The training was performed on 80% of the data with fivefold cross-validation. The remaining data were used as a hold-out test set. Ground truth was generated by a board-certified radiologist and a radiology resident. For the assessment of inter-reader agreement, all preHIFU examinations were segmented independently by both. Results High segmentation performance was already observed for the default 3D nnU-Net (mean Dice score = 0.95 ± 0.05) on the validation sets. Since the CBAM nnU-Net showed no significant benefit, the less complex default model was applied to the hold-out test set, which resulted in accurate uterus segmentation (Dice scores: standard group 0.92 ± 0.07; HIFU group 0.96 ± 0.02), which was comparable to the agreement between the two readers. Conclusions This study presents a method for automatic uterus segmentation which allows a fast and consistent assessment of uterine volume. Therefore, this method could be used in the clinical setting for objective assessment of therapeutic response to HIFU therapy.
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