The genesis main directions of the Ishim steppe watershed plain soils depending on their economic use (arable land, forest belt, abandoned land) during the 1950s – 2020s were revealed. Within the studied region, soils were diagnosed on lands of different use. It is shown that the regional morphogenetic feature of all watershed plain soils is the tonguing of the humus horizon, which is reflected in their classification status by the allocation of a dark-tonguic subtype of the soils. Differentiation of the agrodarkhumus horizon into two subhorizons under the influence of plane-cutting processing was revealed in the agrozem, prevailing by area. The manifestation of postagrogenic transformation of soils occurring under forest belts and under deposits with herbaceous vegetation is determined. Postagrogenic soils are characterized by a granular structure, higher reserves of humus and total nitrogen in a layer of 0–20 cm compared to agrozems. In the soil of the forest belt, a coarse-humus neo-horizon was formed, which is not typical of steppe soils. The soil under abandoned for a long time grassland has signs of dark humus horizon progradation to a state close to a virgin one. The additional surface moistening of micro-subsidence soils causes them to have a higher humus content and its reserves in the 0–100 cm layer, deeper leaching of carbonates, the formation of a clay-illuvial horizon in the carbonate-free zone and prevents the formation of a gypsum horizon. The groundwater level raising in the modern period, which is a consequence of the mass plowing and functioning of impenetrable protective forest belts in the study area, caused the appearance of neo-hydromorphism in watershed plain soils and the formation of quasi-clay subtypes. The results indicate the regional specificity of the genetic properties of the Ishim steppe watershed plain soils that distinguish them from their European counterparts, as well as the influence of agrogenic transformation as an anthropogenic factor on them. This influence is reflected in the morphology of soils, their humus state, the nature of the carbonate and gypsum profiles, the processes of halogenesis in them and the variety of salt profiles.
A problematic field of this study is the integration of traditional and new approaches to organizing teaching process on professionally directed disciplines and a foreign language. Acquisition of educational material by the students and effective interaction between lecturers of specialized disciplines and foreign language teachers are important issues as well. Systematic, contextual and personal-oriented approaches, and the method of pedagogical design were used by the authors for considering and analyzing the optimization of educational and methodological support for teachers of two academic disciplines “Physical Geography of Russia” and “English as a Foreign Language”. The authors’ interpretation of content of the lectures, accompanying material in slide presentations, tests and independent work for students on a base of integrated tasks have been tested during the offline/online classes on these disciplines. The used strategies for motivate students to study special vocabulary and use a foreign language as a means of communication are forming the basis for their professional training. Difficulties and achievements in introducing measures presented in the training process were identified. The indicated actions of teachers and students have been aimed to improving the quality of training of a university graduate and improving his/her competitiveness at the international labor market.
The article is focused on a variant of integrated learning technology elements application with a meta-subject component for the forming of students’ universal pedagogical competencies within the framework of the interfaculty technopark. The Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education (approved 22.02.2018, and amended 08.02.2021) provides definitions and range of universal pedagogical competencies. The use of integrated learning technology with meta-subject tasks direction allows students to aim their efforts towards forming of universal competencies. A system of tasks on the search for the characteristics in the nature of the Novosibirsk region of the main postulates of natural science concepts published in foreign scientific periodicals has been prepared for students of the IV-th course of non-linguistic majors. The forming of students’ universal competencies is carried out during a process of creating educational products, therefore, according to the results of the search activity, students submit reports according to generally accepted forms. A result of testing the meta-subject tasks turned out, that their content to be difficult for students, but they were conversant with the technology of creating educational products. At the same time, diagnostics of competence forming process remains debating point. On a base of assuming a connection between the quality of student educational products and the level of competence forming, the authors conclude that reproductive level of task completion prevailed in the group of students. This makes it necessary to continue working on the formation of universal competencies for future teachers.
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