The paper presents the results of the 50-year-long research in to the winter wheat genepool from the VIR world collection in Moscow Region to assess biotic stress resistance following N.I. Vavilov’s concept of ‘ideal variety’ proposed in 1935. Federal Scientific Selection and Technology Center for Horticulture and Nursery was responsible for the field studies of winter wheat, and the All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology and Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy – for phytopathological studies. The wheat collection was studied in compliance with the VIR Methodological Guidelines using the International COMECON list of descriptors for the genus Triticum L. Resistance against enzyme-mycotic exhaustion of seeds (EMIS) was tested using original techniques. It was found that annual brown rust and powdery milde wattacks in the collection’s winter wheat samples caused no significant economic damage. Two cases of Septoria head and leaf blotch, two cases of Fusarium head blight, one case of root rot, one case of barley yellow dwarf virus, 20 cases of EMIS, and three cases of 3rd-degree EMIS, i.e. seed germination in an ear, were recorded. The parent material resistant to the biotic stresses of the region was selected for breeding. Despite the difficulties in combining all the best qualities in one wheat variety in their maximum expression, domestic breeders have created outstanding wheat varieties close to the "ideal" noted by N.I. Vavilov.
The paper presents the results of 50-year research of the genepool of the winter wheat from the world’s largest wheat collection of N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) to investigate its resistance to the abiotic stress factors of the Moscow region and see how closely it matches the requirements of the so-called ideal cultivar as it was described by N.I. Vavilov in 1935. The critical years to study the wheat’s winter resistance were 10 years out of 50; excessive water saturation – the year 2013; soil drought – 1988; atmospheric drought – 1972 and 2010. During the investigation, the following gene pool features were analyzed: frost, rapid temperature change, thawing, ice and rotting resistances; regeneration capacity in spring after a bad wintering; resistance to excessive soil and air saturation; solid standing culm that is resistant to wind and rainfall; seeds that do not germinate in standing corn and wind raw; resistance to soil and atmospheric drought and plant diseases. The performed study has resulted in providing the starting material to be resistant to abiotic stress factors of the Moscow region that can be used for further selection. Despite all the difficulties encountered in the attempts to bring all the best qualities of winter wheat to one cultivar, Russian plant breeders have been able to create outstanding plant species being very close to the ideal one described by N.I. Vavilov.
The relational perspective of state-business-society relations has been outlines, what allows rethinking the approaches to an alternative understanding of the role of the state at the current level of its development. It has been defined that the institutional approach in solving socioeconomic problems of the society not always meet the interests and needs of such actors as the state, business and society. Market transformations, new forms of economic groups, development of corporations require another format of relations between employers and employees.
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