Background: Approximately 8-38% of children with Kawasaki disease (KD) will have persistent or recrudescent fever after initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment and are at increased risk for development of coronary artery abnormalities. Using genetic markers may be helpful to identify the high-risk group of IVIG-resistant patients for aggressive treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between 4 potential polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL)-1 family of genes and initial IVIG treatment failure in KD children. Methods and Results:A total of 156 KD children (136 with and 20 without a response to IVIG treatment) who were treated with high-dose IVIG (2 g/kg) within 10 days of fever onset were recruited. Polymerase chain reaction and Taqman assays were used for genotyping. A significant increase in IVIG resistance risk was observed for IL-1B −511 TT and IL-1B −31 CC genotypes (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69-16.38, P=0.004; AOR 3.95, 95%CI 1.26-12.41, P=0.019, separately). The diplotype TC/TC (at IL-1B −511 and −31) also showed a significantly increased risk of IVIG resistance (AOR 4.32, 95%CI 1.36-13.71, P=0.013). Conclusions:The IL-1B −511 TT and IL-1B −31 CC genotypes or the TC/TC diplotype may be associated with initial IVIG treatment failure in Taiwanese children with KD. (Circ J 2010; 74: 544 - 551)
Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of pediatric acquired heart disease. KD patients have spontaneously high plasma/serum levels of IL-10 during the acute phase. Therefore, two independent studies were carried out to investigate the association between genetic variants in IL-10 promoter (−1082, −819, and −592) and risk of KD. A total of 134 trios were included for the family-based association study. A significantly preferential transmission of the C allele at loci −819 T > C and −592 A > C for KD cases was observed (Ppermutation = 0.029 and Ppermutation = 0.034, respectively). There was a significant increase in the transmission of haplotype CC (p = 0.016) at the above two loci (OR, 1.632; 95% CI, 1.090–2.443; Ppermutation = 0.019). We also carried out a follow-up case-control study that included 146 KD cases and 315 unrelated healthy children. {The haplotype CC (−819, −592) showed an increased risk of KD (but statistically non-significant; OR, 1.332; 95% CI, 0.987–1.797; p = 0.061). In diplotype analysis, a trend was found between number of CC haplotype and risk of KD (but non-significant, p = 0.061). In conclusion, CC genotype and CC/CC diplotype at IL-10-819T > C and −592A > C were significantly associated with risk of KD in case-parent trio study, which were replicated partially in our follow-up case-control study.
Forty weanling piglets (5.6±0.5 kg and 26 to 30 d of age) were used in a 28-d experiment to determine the effects of βglucan from Paenibacillus polymyxa and L-theanine on growth performance. Piglets were randomly allotted to four groups (n = 10, 2 animals per pen) provided with the basal feed (control), β-glucan 400 mg/kg feed, L-theanine 80 mg/kg feed or β-glucan plus l-theanine (combination of the above-mentioned concentrations). Body weight and feed consumption were recorded during four weeks. Subsequently, the immunomodulatory effects of β-glucan and L-theanine were investigated for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production in vitro and in vivo on day 28. Although there were no significant differences in the growth performances among the treatment groups, β-glucan plus L-theanine had 5.6% greater ADG (p = 0.074) on day 21 to 28. β-Glucan alone or plus L-theanine increased interleukin (IL)-10 levels and decreased interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in cultured medium by LPS treatment (p<0.05). Plasma IL-10 levels were also increased in the piglets fed with β-glucan alone or plus L-theanine after LPS challenge (25 μg/kg, i.p.), whereas plasma IFN-γ and TNF-α levels were decreased (p<0.05). The levels of IFN-γ in piglets fed with βglucan plus L-theanine showed the greatest inhibition after LPS challenges. In conclusion, treatment of β-glucan alone or plus Ltheanine might lessen inflammatory responses against Gram-negative bacterial infection via the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and enhancement of anti-inflammatory cytokine production. Further studies are needed to determine an optimal concentration of β-glucan and L-theanine for improved growth performance.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.