Microfluidic liquidÀliquid extraction of the ethyl ester of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-Et) with silver ions was investigated using slug flow and a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion as specific flow patterns possessing large interfacial areas. To compare the extraction rates of both systems, slug flow and a W/O emulsion with similar specific interfacial areas were prepared. Extraction rates for the systems were the same at 298 K. However, at 268 K, slug flow had a faster extraction rate than the W/O emulsion. Theoretical calculation follows the results for both systems at 298 K and for the slug flow system at 268 K, suggesting that the emulsion stabilizer inhibits complex formation between DHA-Et and silver ions at the O/W interface. A reduction in extraction rate was observed in the slug flow system at 268 K when the emulsion stabilizer was used. Slug flow can be prepared without stabilizer, offering advantages over emulsions in microfluidic extraction.
in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).The liquid-liquid extraction dynamics of an ethyl ester of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-Et) with silver ion was investigated. The kinetic model was derived according to the following stepwise processes: Diffusion of DHA-Et across the organic film, complex-formation between DHA-Et and silver ion at the interface, and diffusion of extracted complex across the aqueous film. The kinetic parameters for the complex-formation reaction were determined from the investigation with the stirred transfer cell. With the proposed model and determined parameters, we predicted the uptakes of DHA-Et for the extraction system utilizing a slug flow prepared by a microchip. The calculated uptakes showed good correlation to the experimental data. The theoretical investigation suggested that the fast equilibration realized for the slug flow extraction system was due to the large specific interfacial area of the slug caused by the presence of wall film and the thin liquid film caused by the internal circulation.
We have implemented commends of the Autonomous Load Distribution Algorithm(ALD) for general users. ALD is one of inter-node protocol that distributes tasks among computers by negotiation between computers. We had developed and implemented ALD on multi-computer system in the past. But aim of this implementation was just for evaluation. Unfortunately, that was not easy to use for general users.In this paper, we have proposed five commands to use ALD for general users, and implemented these commands. Four of these are barn new commands, and one is same as command that was developed for evaluation in past. User can indicate task distribution in explicit way or in implicit way depending his/her demand. And user can similarly indicate task no-distribution in explicit way or in implicit way. In other words, user can obtain high performance without recognizing existence of ALD.Implementation is based on shell s alias function and trap mechanism. Therefore, this system has higher portability. Alias function is simple, but powerful mechanism. But, it has problem of difference of name and body. This problem is that name indicates incorrect programs if program is changed or overridden. We have solved this problem with shell s trap mechanism.
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