agrobacterium mediated transformation is the most common way for obtaining transgenic plants in laboratory conditions. at the same time, there are species inside the genera Nicotiana, Linaria and Ipomoea that contain homologs of agrobacterial t-Dna genes as a result of genetic transformation of their ancestral forms in natural conditions. Such plants are called naturally transgenic plants, and t-Dna in their genomes is called cellular (ct-Dna). it is proposed that in the evolution of these genera, the introduced sequences played an important role. this idea is confirmed by the data on the expression of some t-Dna genes in Nicotiana and Ipomoea. Until the last moment, the expression of ct-Dna genes in Linaria has not been documented. However, the analysis of the nucleotide sequence indicates the functionality of rolC gene in L. vulgaris Mill., L. acutiloba Fisch. ex rchb., L. genistifolia (l.) Mill. in this research work, we have sequenced the rolC homolog in one more toadflax species (Linaria creticola Kuprian). the in silico analysis of this gene has shown that it can encode a full-length peptide. Using the real time rt-Pcr method, we have demonstrated that the rolC homolog is expressed in vitro in shoots, roots and calli of L. vulga ris Mill., as well as in shoots of L. creticola Kuprian. the results obtained are an important argument in favor of the fact that ct-Dna is functional and that its fixation in genomes played a certain role in the evolutionary process. However, the level of expression of the gene studied is quite low. a similar trend was observed in other naturally transgenic species. this can explain the absence of explicit morphological differences of species containing ct-Dna from their non-transgenic relatives.Key words: Linaria; ct-Dna; rolC; transgene expression; in vitro. агробактериальная трансформация -самый распространенный способ получения трансгенных растений в лабораторных усло-виях. в природе в пределах родов Nicotiana, Linaria и Ipomoea опи саны виды, содержащие в геномах гомологи генов Т-днК агробак терий, как результат агробактериальной трансформации их предковых форм. Такие растения называют природно-транс-генными, а Т-днК в них обозначается как клеточная (клТ-днК). Предполагается, что в эволюции указанных родов привнесенные последовательности играли важную роль. Эту мысль подтверж-дают данные о неоднократной трансформации нескольких видов растений в ходе эволюции и сведения об экспрессии некоторых генов клТ-днК у Nicotiana и Ipomoea. ранее экспрессия генов клТ-днК у Linaria не была описана, хотя анализ нуклеотидной последовательности гена rolC (наиболее консервативного из генов Т-днК) свидетельствует в пользу его функциональности у L. vulgaris Mill., L. acutiloba Fisch. ex rchb. и L. genistifolia (l.) Mill. в настоящей работе проведено секвенирование гомолога гена rolC у прежде не изученного вида льнянки Linaria creticola Kuprian. анализ in silico показал, что этот ген кодирует полноразмерный пептид. c использованием метода ОТ-ПЦр в реальном времени мы продемонстрировали, что rolC...
During the expeditionary research, we specified the modern actual border of naturalization of in the European territory of Russia. This border passes through Kursk Region, as well as the north of Voronezh and Saratov regions. The total length of the expeditionary routes was around 8900 km with 777 locations surveyed. In order to identify the potential for its further spread to the north we performed comparative ecological and geographical analysis and modeling of the ragweed distribution in the north of its secondary range in the European Russia and in the primary range in Canada. Insufficient heat supply during the seed ripening period is the main factor limiting the spread of ragweed to the north. To determine the ecological and geographic niche of ragweed, we compiled a global map of the distribution of accumulated degree days above 10 °C for the period from the transition of the day length under 14 hours to the stable frosts in autumn (ADDfp). The ADDfp values were determined at the northernmost points of naturalization of in the European Russia and in Canada. Comparison of the ecological and geographical boundaries regarding the heat supply in the European Russia and in Canada showed that the ecological and geographical niche realized by ragweed in the North America is now generally wider than the one on the European Russia. We considered the possible reasons for the under-occupation of a potential ecological niche in the European Russia and made assumptions about the possibility of its further spread to the north. Regarding the factor of heat supply in the European Russia, ragweed can spread further to the north - in Bryansk, Oryol, Lipetsk, Tambov, Saratov, Orenburg regions, southern half of Penza Region, the south of Ulyanovsk and Samara regions and Bashkortostan. Additional difficulties with the species’ distribution in the northeastern direction in the European Russia can be attributed to an adverse effect of an additional factor: insufficient moisture supply, since in the Saratov Region and to the east ragweed is in the ecological pessimum simultaneously in terms of heat and moisture supply at its northern limit of distribution.
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