This article describes the photodynamic inactivation of mosquito iridescent virus (MIV) Aedes flavescens in the presence of water-soluble C(60) fullerenes. It has been observed that the photodynamic inactivation of MIV for about 1 h reduces the infectious titre of the virus in large wax-moth larvae Galleria mellonella to 4.5 lg ID(50)/mL. The influence of the C(60) concentration on its anti-viral activity was tested in the concentration range from 1 to 0.001 mg/mL. It has been found that C(60) is able to inactivate the iridovirus even in low concentrations. Consequently, the findings of this work suggest that photoexcited C(60) fullerenes can be successfully used for the inactivation of iridoviruses in biological systems.
Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus (SVCV) has been well documented since the 1960s. This virus infection generally results in an acute haemorrhagic syndrome with septicaemia and associated high mortality. During a fish health inspection in carp farms in the Eastern region of Ukraine, SVCV was isolated from yearlings of the common carp Cyprinus carpio. For virus isolation and characterisation, methods of cell culture, EM, PCR, and sequencing were used. Preliminary examination of infected fish revealed a range of lesions, particularly in spleen and kidney tissues. The virus grew in fish cell lines of FHM and EPC with infectious titre of 106.2–6.5 and 106.9–7.4 TCID50/ml, respectively. Investigation by electron microscopy demonstrated that ultrastructurally the isolated virus was similar to rhabdoviruses. Virions were non-enveloped with a typical bullet profile, approximately 80 to 180 nm in length and 60 to 90 nm in diameter. In addition, the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein gene G fragment in size of 579 base pairs was analysed. The nucleotide sequence was registered at GenBank under the accession number MH043331. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship of East Ukrainian isolates of SVCV with sequences that represent the strains from genogroup Ib.
In the last decade, sturgeon farming has become an increasingly important aquaculture segment, both for the production of sturgeon products (caviar and flesh) and for the reintroduction of endemic species in the environment (Bronzi & Rosenthal, 2014). However, intensive cultivation and the worldwide trade of infected animals have exposed the fish to infectious diseases. In particular, a specific group of nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) causes severe losses to several important farmed species of the Acipenseridae family. These viruses have been found in hatchery-reared and some wild sturgeon populations across the North America as well as in a number of farms across Europe. These NCLDVs were initially referred to as unclassified members of the Iridoviridae family. The first to be described was the White sturgeon iridovirus (WSIV) in the 1980s in North America, which causes a disease in Acipenser transmontanus
Viroporins are involved in viral pathogenesis, play an important role in the morphogenesis of virions and ensure their release from the infected cell. These proteins are potentially promising as possible targets for the regulation of virus reproduction. The literature data on the current understanding of coronavirus viroporins functioning are summarized in the review. Special attention is focused on specific structural features that determine the functional ability of these proteins. The basic principles of viroporins localization in the cell and their influence on the coronavirus life cycle are considered. Keywords: coronavirus, pore formation, protein 3a, protein 8a, protein E, SARS, viroporins
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.