Viroporins are involved in viral pathogenesis, play an important role in the morphogenesis of virions and ensure their release from the infected cell. These proteins are potentially promising as possible targets for the regulation of virus reproduction. The literature data on the current understanding of coronavirus viroporins functioning are summarized in the review. Special attention is focused on specific structural features that determine the functional ability of these proteins. The basic principles of viroporins localization in the cell and their influence on the coronavirus life cycle are considered. Keywords: coronavirus, pore formation, protein 3a, protein 8a, protein E, SARS, viroporins
, Інститут рибного господарства НААН України, м. Київ Мета. Проаналізувати масив спеціальної літератури та узагальнити отриману інформацію щодо нідовірусних інфекцій риб та креветок. Розглянути структурнофункціональні особливості представників порядку Nidovirales, а також симптоми та наслідки викликаних ними захворювань. Результати. Представлена робота містить короткий аналітично узагальнений огляд вірусів з порядку Nidovirales, представники якого є збудниками захворювань риб та креветок. Наведено актуальну класифікацію нідовірусів. Розглянуто морфологічні та генетичноструктурні особливості цих вірусів, описано відомі механізми їх реплікації та інші функціональні властивості. Особливу увагу приділено опису симптомів та особливостей розвитку нідовірусних інфекцій гідробіонтів. Практична значимість. Огляд може бути корисним для науковців, які досліджують представників порядку Nidovirales та проблеми, пов'язані з хворобами, спричинені даними вірусами. Описи симптомів захворювань будуть корисними для попередньої діагностики нідовірусних інфекцій у риб та креветок.
Purpose. To analyze data of available specialized literature and summarize the information obtained on the use of probiotics in modern aquaculture. To review basic principles of classification of existing probiotics, methods of their introduction into the aquatic organisms and mechanisms of action of different probiotic groups. Findings. The analysis of scientific publications on the use of probiotics in aquaculture for efficient farming in order to reduce fish and shrimp mortality and, accordingly, increase the efficiency of farms has been provided. The literature data on the classification of probiotics depending on the composition and purpose are summarized. Modern and general ideas about the microbiota of aquaculture species are described. The actual ways of probiotic administration into the aquatic organisms are given. The main concepts of mechanisms and results of probiotics action on the host (suppression of pathogenic microflora, improving the quality of the aquatic environment, competition for localization and nutrients, providing the animal with immunostimulants, digestive enzymes and other biologically active substances). The prospects of using probiotics as an alternative to antimicrobial drugs and chemical remedies in aquaculture are shown. Practical value. The review may be useful for scientists investigating alternative treatments of aquaculture objects and the interaction of aquatic organisms with probiotics. Key words: probiotics, aquaculture, control and prevention of fish diseases, aquatic organisms, alternatives to antibiotics.
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 caused an urgent need to investigate the molecular mechanisms of its reproduction. However, the detailed step-by-step mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 virion assembly has not been described yet. In the presented review the data on the role of structural proteins in the efficient assembly of betacoronavirus particles are analyzed.
The paper is a review of the literature concerning the most advanced areas of applying the DNA microarrays method in modern fish farming. Particular attention is given to the efficiency of this approach in diagnostics of various stages of viral and bacterial fish diseases. DNA microarrays using is shown to deadly effect for studying of genetic changes in fish under the influence of temperature factors and aquatic pollutants (including feed excess). Various possibilities of DNA microarrays application of DNA microarrays for interspecies and intraspecies identification of individuals in the wild conditions and fish industry are discribed.
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