In this study, calcium nitrate(Ca(NO3)2•4H2O) and phosphorus pentoxide(P2O5) were used as precursor to prepare hydroxyapatite(HA) layer by sol-gel method, followed by a dipping-coating method to coat HA layer onto Ti. Phase formation and microstructure were investigated by XRD and SEM to study the influence of atmosphere on the property of HA layer. The results revealed that there exists no large cracks in the layer which was heated in the nitrogen, leading to a good surface quality compared with the layer which was heated in the air. And there is no obvious difference in crystallinity and volume fraction of HA in the layer when adopting heat treatment in different atmospheres.
It is well known that titanium (Ti) has excellent properties of anticorrosion, biocompatibility and low modulus that would be applied in many clinical applications. The aim of this study wants to increase the hydrophilicity of titanium surface through silanization and then grafted with hydroxyapatite (HA) by hydrothermal synthesis method. Physiochemical analysis of grafting plate substrate was observed by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle analysis. The surfaces with silanization were strongly interaction between SiO2 and TiO2, and thus Ti-O-Si-bonds formed having larger surface areas but only showed a little improved hydrophilicity. The hydrophilicity of Ti substrate was largely increased after the hydrothermal process. Compared with Ti surface without any surface treatment, the surface which modified with hydrothermal synthesis can improve the wettability of Ti surfaces. Furthermore, the Ti surface through silanized modification before hydrothermal synthesis held good calcium phosphate precipitates existing due to the better calcium ion combined ability with polar bond of aldehyde group (Ti-O-Si-CO-).
In the context of deepening the cooperation of Industry-University-Research (IUR), enterprises must gain competitive advantage by transferring external knowledge to the enterprise for knowledge appreciation. Based on the knowledge stickiness encountered in the process of knowledge transfer in the collaborative innovation of IUR, the formation process and causes of knowledge stickiness are analyzed. In this study, the knowledge flow model based on heat conduction theory was proposed. The dynamic simulation was carried out using MATLAB software. Results show that the process of knowledge transfer between IUR is the process of continuously realizing knowledge increment and knowledge creation, and knowledge stickiness has a direct impact on the efficiency of knowledge transfer. Strengthening the cognition between IUR, increasing the number of activities between IUR, and creating a collaborative innovation atmosphere between IUR will reduce knowledge stickiness and improve the efficiency of knowledge transfer.
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