Studies have shown that feeding the feed additive “Elevit” during the preparation of sows for insemination in a dosage of 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0% over the basic daily diet can increase estrum in replacement sows by 6.6; 20.0; 26.6; 26.6%, respectively, fertilization and prolificacy by 2.1; 5.3; 6.6; 6.6% and 1.0; 4.3; 7.6; 6.5%, respectively. Such a significant increase in the previously mentioned indicators also led to an increase in the total number of piglets by 13.5; 43.2; 60.8; 59.4%, respectively, while their cost at birth decreased by 11.5; 29.7; 37.4; 36.7% compared to the control group. Similar results were obtained from adult sows – estrum increased by 3.4; 10.0; 10.0; 10.0%, fertilization and prolificacy by 0.5; 5.0; 5.0; 5.0% by 0.9; 8.2; 8.2; 9.1%, respectively. At the same time, the total number of piglets at birth increased by 5.8; 28.7; 28.3; 29.1%. Their cost at birth decreased in comparison with the first control group by 5.2; 21.9; 21.5; 21.8%. From the data obtained by us, the best option for feed additive “Elevit” feeding both in terms of zootechnical and economic efficiency is – for replacement gilts in the amount of 3.0%; for adult sows – 2.0% over the basic daily diet for the period of preparation for insemination.
In these studies, it was found that seasons have a significant impact on the reproductive function of Large White boars. It was found that these indicators were the highest in winter, and the lowest in summer. Studies have also shown that the inclusion in the diet of Large White boars of the feed additive “HydroLaktiV” in a dosage of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0% over the main diet allowed to increase both quantitative and qualitative indicators of sperm. An increase in the quantitative and qualitative sperm indicators of the studied boars in turn led to an increase in the number of piglets in these groups by 7.4, 11.6, 11.4%, respectively; a decrease in their cost at birth by 7.0, 10.4, and 10.3% compared to the control group.
Based on the analysis of the activities of the ancestral estates of Russia over the past ten years, and in particular of rural enterprises of ecological orientation of the Belgorod region over the past three years, we propose to implement in the practice of managing the collective of an agricultural cooperative of farms of ecological orientation the principles of the leading theoretician in the field of agricultural economics and management - A. V. Chayanov. The principles of organization and management developed by A.V. Chayanov, organically inherent in peasant farms that do not use hired labor and are based solely on family labor, correspond to the characteristic features of modern eco-farms in Russia and other countries and can be fully applied to their economic system. In the course of the study, in several stages, during 2018-2020, we conducted surveys of experts, in the capacity of which were the settlers of the ancestral estates of the Belgorod region. The objectives of the expert method were: to determine the degree of influence of the implementation of Chayanov’s principles on the main indicators of the economic dynamics of family estates, to establish the leading principles that have a cardinal impact on economic trends.
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