Complete and accurate reference genomes and annotations provide fundamental resources for functional genomics and crop breeding. Here we report a de novo assembly and annotation of a pea cultivar ZW6 with contig N50 of 8.98 Mb, which features a 243-fold increase in contig length and evident improvements in the continuity and quality of sequence in complex repeat regions compared with the existing one. Genome diversity of 118 cultivated and wild pea demonstrated that Pisum abyssinicum is a separate species different from P. fulvum and P. sativum within Pisum. Quantitative trait locus analyses uncovered two known Mendel’s genes related to stem length (Le/le) and seed shape (R/r) as well as some candidate genes for pod form studied by Mendel. A pan-genome of 116 pea accessions was constructed, and pan-genes preferred in P. abyssinicum and P. fulvum showed distinct functional enrichment, indicating the potential value of them as pea breeding resources in the future.

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In this work, we develop a Reynolds stress model along the line of the approach presented by Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 9, 543 (2004)]], aiming to assess the role and contribution of the mean spin tensor in turbulence modeling. Here, the constitutive functional for the Reynolds stress depends on the mean spin tensor as well as the mean stretching tensor and its Jaumann derivative, the turbulent kinetic energy K , and the turbulent dissipation rate epsilon , which is at the complexity level of p=1,m=1 , and n=0 of a rate-type constitutive equation for the Reynolds stress proposed in the aforementioned paper. The explicit form for the Reynolds stress is obtained with recourse to the representation theorem and the theory of invariants developed in modern rational continuum mechanics, and, as an approximation, a nonlinear cubic K-epsilon model is worked out in which the model coefficients are analytically identified based on the experimental results of Tavoularis and Corrsin [J. Fluid Mech. 104, 311 (1981)]]. In addition, numerical results based on this model, in the forms of employing the Jaumann derivative and the Oldroyd derivative, respectively, for homogeneous turbulent shear flow and fully developed turbulent flow over a backward-facing step, are presented in comparison with those obtained based on a few previously proposed linear and nonlinear K-epsilon models, showing reasonably good agreement with the experimental results and the DNS data concerned and a better performance than the previously developed quadratic models.

Anemia, characterized by low blood hemoglobin level, affects about 25% of the world's population with the heaviest burden borne by women and children. Anemia leads to impaired cognitive development in...

A point-of-care diagnostic technology and approach is presented to perform both anemia detection and hemoglobin variant identification in a single test using paper-based microchip electrophoresis.

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Abstract. We use Noether's theorem to derive energy-momentum tensors for a simple elastic material, a nonsimple elastic material of grade two, a simple elastic dielectric and a nonsimple elastic dielectric of grade two. The technique is easily extendable to a nonsimple elastic dielectric of any grade.

China is a mountainous country. The Qing-Zang plateau, Yun-Gui plateau, and Yellow Land plateau, which are known as the world's ridge, are located in the west of China. The highland area over 3,000 m in height occupies one-sixth of the land area of China and half the highland area of the world. About 60-80 million people live in the regions where the elevation ranges from 1,500 m to 4,000 m. In the latter half of the last century, the influence of complex environmental factors on the human body, such as low oxygen pressure, cold climate, strong radiation, high wind speed, and super-evaporation, were studied in an extensive and profound way and formed an important field of altitude medicine. For a long time, many researchers have carried out investigations related to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and its pathophysiological mechanism initiated by cytokines and mediators, regarding which many problems are still unclear. However, systematic research into the mechanism from SIRS to ARDS to MODS in the highlands remains blank. The diagnostic criteria of ALI/ARDS in the highlands are quite different from that in the plain, and thus was a central topic for discussion at this meeting.