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Time-and wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) has attracted considerable attention for the next generation optical access systems. Among potential applications of TWDM-PON, a major application is the support of mobile fronthaul streams between radio units (RUs) and distributed units (DUs) in the centralized radio access network (C-RAN) architecture, which consists of central units (CUs), DUs, and RUs. The upstream fronthaul traffic that an optical line terminal (OLT) receives is expected to become highly bursty due to the variable data rate generated by employing new functional split options and the synchronization of data transmission between neighboring RUs caused by time-division duplex (TDD). However, there has been no wavelength and bandwidth allocation scheme for TWDM-PON that is designed to efficiently accommodate fronthaul streams satisfying the strict delay requirement. Therefore, in this paper we propose a novel wavelength and bandwidth allocation algorithm that can minimize the number of active wavelength channels considering the high burstiness and delay requirement of fronthaul data transmission. Through computer simulations it was confirmed that the number of active wavelength channels can be reduced by 50% with the proposed algorithm, and thus more RUs can be efficiently accommodated using TWDM-PON.

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A large number of small cells are densely deployed in the era of 5G and beyond 5G mobile networks to achieve high rate and low latency data transmission. Small cells are composed with fixed ground radio units (RUs) in the conventional networks, and thus the utilization rate of them is drastically deteriorated due to the spatio-temporal patterns of mobile traffic demand. To address this problem, adaptive network architectures have been investigated to reconfigure networks on demand using small cells mounted on moving objects such as vehicles and drones. However, it has been difficult to establish stable communication link to ground nodes in high-speed environments with these schemes. Therefore, this paper proposes a concept of small cells composed with crowdsourced RUs mounted on parked vehicles. They are activated based on the traffic demand in surrounding area by road side units (RSUs) assuming a smart city. The proposed idea is based on the correlation between the distribution of people and the occupancy rate of parking lots. It can efficiently improve user throughput with relatively small number of RUs. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is validated through numerical analysis, computer simulations, and experimental results.

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