Low-Latency Routing Scheme for a Fronthaul Bridged Network

Nakayama, Yu; Hisano, Daisuke; Kubo, Takahiro; Fukada, Youichi; Tanida, Jun; Otaka, Akira

doi:10.1364/jocn.10.000014

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The study [18] proposes a queuing model to improve the delays in optical fronthaul bridged networks. In this study, Nakayama et al proposed a low latency routing (LLR) mechanism based on the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, which searches the paths for individual streams by considering the traffic load on the different links.…”

Section: State Of the Art-ethernet Based Fronthaul Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Del Que is the length of time for which the packets of different streams wait in the buffers of the bridges before transmissions. When the f -th flow competes the g-th flow for simultaneous transmission over the n-th link, these flows are referred to as competitive flows [18]. Hence, the worst-case Del Que experienced by the f -th flow over the n-th link is calculated from Equation 1:…”

Section: E2e Latency and Distance Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where m is the maximum burst size of a flow, and C is the link capacity, while λ is the number of competitive flows [18]. The Del Proc is the time that the switches take to decode the header of a packet to output them on the egress ports.…”

Section: E2e Latency and Distance Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major cause in Ethernet systems for not complying with the eCPRI requirements is the non-consideration of frame-level queuing delays at the bridging nodes, which are caused by the globally synchronized eCPRI bursts flowing to and from the RRHs at different line rates. Despite the utilization of the QoS-aware forwarding schemes in the optical fronthaul bridged networks, the queuing delays among the burst of eCPRI streams are high, which increases the E2E latencies to an unacceptable level [18]. The queuing delays and E2E latencies become more critical in capacity-constraint Ethernet-based fronthaul bridged networks (EFBNs) [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Improvement of Ethernet-Based Fronthaul Bridged Networks in 5G Cloud Radio Access Networks

Waqar

Kim

2019

Applied Sciences

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Cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) are emerging architectural solutions to anticipate the increased capacity and quality demands of future 5G cellular networks at a reduced cost. In C-RANs, a transport segment referred to as fronthaul has been defined, which become a major constraint in practical implementations due to its high cost. A transport protocol referred to as eCPRI (enhanced common public radio interface), which was specifically designed for the fronthaul networks, imposes stringent end-to-end (E2E) latency and capacity requirements, which can be satisfied through the extortionate optical links. The high implementation cost of optical fronthaul networks significantly increased the system cost and made the fronthaul a hurdle to accomplish the cost–benefits of the C-RANs’ architecture. The globally deployed Ethernet networks could be leveraging solutions, but are inadequate to comply with the eCPRI requirements in fronthaul bridged networks and result in intolerable latencies due to ineffectual traditional quality of service aware forwarding schemes. Therefore, to realize the cost–benefits of ubiquitously deployed Ethernet infrastructure, this paper proposes the E2E latency aware path computation and packet forwarding schemes, which ameliorate the performance of Ethernet-based fronthaul bridged networks to transport the eCPRI traffic at tolerable latencies. The simulation results verify the feasibility of low-cost Ethernet to carry the eCPRI traffic streams up to 100 Gbps with the proposed schemes in fronthaul bridged networks.

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Section: State Of the Art-ethernet Based Fronthaul Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E2e Latency and Distance Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E2e Latency and Distance Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Improvement of Ethernet-Based Fronthaul Bridged Networks in 5G Cloud Radio Access Networks

Waqar

Kim

2019

Applied Sciences

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“…The study [69] proposed an optical ring topology to support CPRI specifications and fulfill the fronthaul traffic demands. In [70] to eliminate the serialization delays in optical bridged networks, a novel route optimization technique is proposed to transport the traffic of RRHs at guaranteed QoS. The simulation result shows that up to hundred RRHs can be attached to a BBU pool while fulfilling the fronthaul QoS requirements.…”

Section: Optical-based Fronthaul Linkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Fronthaul Networks in CRANs - Requirements and Recent Advancements

Waqar¹,

Kim²,

Cho³

2018

KSII TIIS

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One of the most innovative paradigms for the next-generation of wireless cellular networks is the cloud-radio access networks (C-RANs). In C-RANs, base station functions are distributed between the remote radio heads (RHHs) and base band unit (BBU) pool, and a communication link is defined between them which is referred as the fronthaul. This leveraging link is expected to reduce the CAPEX (capital expenditure) and OPEX (operating expense) of envisioned cellular architectures as well as improves the spectral and energy efficiencies, provides the high scalability, and efficient mobility management capabilities. The fronthaul link carries the baseband signals between the RRHs and BBU pool using the digital radio over fiber (RoF) based common public radio interface (CPRI). CPRI based optical links imposed stringent synchronization, latency and throughput requirements on the fronthaul. As a result, fronthaul becomes a hinder in commercial deployments of C-RANs and is seen as one of a major bottleneck for backbone networks. The optimization of fronthaul is still a challenging issue and requires further exploration at industrial and academic levels. This paper comprehensively summarized the current challenges and requirements of fronthaul networks, and discusses the recently proposed system architectures, virtualization techniques, key transport technologies and compression schemes to carry the time-sensitive traffic in fronthaul networks.

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Optimization of latency-aware flow allocation in NGFI networks

Klinkowski

2020

Computer Communications

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Low-Latency Routing Scheme for a Fronthaul Bridged Network

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Performance Improvement of Ethernet-Based Fronthaul Bridged Networks in 5G Cloud Radio Access Networks

Performance Improvement of Ethernet-Based Fronthaul Bridged Networks in 5G Cloud Radio Access Networks

A Study of Fronthaul Networks in CRANs - Requirements and Recent Advancements

Optimization of latency-aware flow allocation in NGFI networks

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