No abstract

The animals were under constant observation until the calves reached the age of 180 days. Standard clinical examinations included heart rate, respiration rate, and rectal thermometry. Only clinically healthy animals were

The combined use of hepatoprotectors and phytosorbents in theory is a promising method of pharmacotherapy of comorbid pathologies, as it creates the possibility of presenting them as the result of an extended search for the most relevant forms of manifestation of metabolic disorders, the results of which made it possible to identify general patterns of development and, accordingly, the main directions for their leveling.It was revealed that the main pathogenetic trend is the failure of metabolic processes in the gastrointestinal tract, which reduces the efficiency of feeding and causes a decrease or fluctuations in productivity (or product quality), the subsequent accumulation of products of disturbed metabolic processes with toxic properties - the development of a local syndrome of endogenous intoxication, a violation of the processes of cavitary and symbiotic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, with increased alimentary insufficiency, functional overload of the digestive organs and primarily the liver, imbalance of the microbiota and local barrier mechanisms, generalization of the pathological process in the form of the development of systemic endogenous intoxication with the corresponding toxic depression of immunity, functions of organs and body systems, including including dysfunctions and the development of pathology of the hepatobiliary system, in the form of systemic metabolic disorders with the occurrence of a secondary deficiency of nutrients and biologically active substances, acid disorders butalkaline balance and dystrophic phenomena.The main purpose of this article is, based on the analysis of literary sources, to identify the pathogenetic basis for the combined use of drugs from the hepatoprotector groups and phytosorbents.We searched for original studies in the scientific databases PubMed, Elsevier Science (Scopus) and Clarivate Analytics (Web of Science) over the past 20 years to identify the features of the above processes, after which a formalized content analysis of the found publications was carried out.A better understanding of the various mechanisms involved in pathogenesis involving the liver and intestinal microbiota will contribute to the development of improved pharmacological approaches to the treatment of these pathologies.

No abstract

Bovine respiratory diseases are widespread and present a multifactorial and variable etiology. However, several aspects of their origin remain understudied. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of changes in calves’ keeping conditions on their clinical state in terms of microbiocenosis in their respiratory tract. The study was conducted in the winter season, with 37 healthy calves, 5-6 months in age, which were transferred from calf barn number 1 with favorable conditions to calf barn number 2 having a similar design as that of the previous barn but with unfavorable microclimatic parameters (drafts, low temperature, and high humidity). Within 7-9 days after their transfer to the other barn by a veterinary specialist, 54.1% of the calves were diagnosed with catarrhal bronchopneumonia. On day 10, all animals were slaughtered and dissected. Mucus samples for bacteriological analysis were obtained from the mucous membrane of seven sections of the respiratory tract of animals. In all calves, the highest degree of contamination was observed in the first half of the ventral nasal passage (84.9 ±24.46% in healthy calves and 85.7 ±18.55% in sick calves). In healthy calves, the degree of contamination in the front of the choanae was lower by a factor of 56.2% (P = 0.000059) compared to sick calves, and this value continued to decrease when moving toward the lower respiratory tract until the complete disappearance of the bacteria.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract