Aspiration systems of processing enterprises (local exhaust ventilation) consume a lot of electricity. The article discusses the new energy-efficient design of the aspiration system when using inclined overload gutters. Energy efficiency is the use of the principle of partial recirculation of aspirated air and the Coanda effect when it is fed directly into the transshipment chute. The article discusses in detail the new effective unit for supplying recirculated air to the reloading chute. The use of the proposed design will reduce more than twice the energy consumption of aspiration systems and the energy intensity of general ventilation systems that supply air to the room. The article provides theoretical information on the operation of systems, the results of the experiment.
The high cost of energy carriers and the deterioration of the ecological situation have stimulated specialists to conduct a broad search for energy-conserving technologies and to develop optimal engineering systems for servicing them: Ventilation and heating systems, safeguarding the health of service personnel, have been improved in various directions (optimization of the capacity of ventilation installations, the use of secondary energy resources, the use of closed balanced ventilation systems).We have worked in this field for many years and have accumulated considerable experience in optimization of aspiration systems for industrial plants processing bulk materials. Many years of research and testing under industrial conditions have convincingly demonstrated that for localization of centralized sources of dust separation, with considerable energy efficiency we can use recirculation aspiration systems in which some of the aspirated air is returned to the housing and the rest (after ultrapurification) is delivered to the room or exhausted into the atmosphere [1].We have proposed various schemes for recirculation systems ( Fig. 1). Of these, forced recirculation is the most efficient (Fig. 2). It is also easier to obtain good results by using housings (Fig. 3) having precipitator elements or devices for separation of suspended dust and return of the dust to the processh~g cycle [2]. Good results have been obtained with local suction of dust by a dust precipitator of the cyclone type (Fig. 4). Application of such an apparatus allows us to reduce the load on the dust-removing apparatus, and to return valuable dusty material to production without additional transport costs.One method for enhancing the efficiency of recirculation aspiration systems is to use cyclone dust concentrators (CDC) within such systems (Fig. 5), enhancing the efficiency of cleaning the aspirated air and.reducing the aspiration volumes, which allows us ultimately to reduce exhaust of dust into the atmosphere by a factor of two [3]. Cyclone dust concentrators can also be used for cleaning air in conventional aspiration systems; in this case, the apparatus is equipped with an additional filtering insert making it possible to reduce exhaust of dust by a factor of two, as i~, recirculation systems.The search for optimal designs for localization of dust separation from equipment processing bulk materials is based on the characteristics of dynamic interaction of a stream of solid particles and air, studied from the standpoint of phenomenological models of the mechanics of heterogeneous media, considering these streams as the class of accelerated twovelocity solid particle-air streams. Considering the aerodynamic properties of the streams under the concrete conditions for their formation and using a set of engineering devices for controlling air ejection, we can significantly decrease the required volumes of air to be removed from these housings without negative impact on health [4].The optimal capacity Q of the aspiration systems is determined by th...
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