The article analyzes various theoretical approaches to describing the processes of formation of scale layers on the working surfaces of heat exchangers. The main tasks include analyzing existing models of contamination of heat exchange channels, determining the main mechanism of salt deposition on the heating surface of plate heat exchangers of heat supply systems, determining the main factors that determine the intensity of salt deposition on the working plate in accordance with the dynamics of heat and hydraulic processes in heat exchange channels formed by corrugated plates, as well as forming trends for further research. The article presents the main results of research devoted to the study of contamination processes on heating surfaces. Inaccuracies in the proposed approaches to describing the nature of the formation of salt deposition layers are identified. By generalizing existing approaches to the mathematical description of pollution processes, the main assumptions are revealed when describing the processes of salt deposition on working plates. A hypothesis is proposed about the influence of the location of channels relative to the inlet pipe on the uniformity of the flow distribution between parallel channels in the device. There is a fairly large gap between the existing computational methods for modeling pollution processes and the actual distribution of scale layers during the operation of heat exchange equipment of heat supply systems
The article is devoted to the study of thermal processes occurring during the operation of a household gas burner. The preparation of gas fuel for combustion is one of the important functions that a gas burner performs. At the same time, when designing gas burner devices, it is important to determine the final temperature of the gas-air mixture inside the burner body, since an increase in the temperature of the resulting mixture makes it possible to intensify the combustion process. We have proposed a solution that allows to intensify the transfer of heat in the body of a gas burner from the lid heated due to contact with the flame to the gas flow using the thermal shape of the conical divider installed in the center on the inner side of the lid. It has been established that the location of the heat divider in the center on the inner side of the cover allows minimizing or completely eliminating the formation of a stagnant zone. The conical shape of the heat divider provides less resistance to the oncoming flow movement, and also because of its own side surface, it allows you to increase the useful area of the heat exchange surface. An expression is obtained for determining the final temperature of the gas-air mixture at the outlet from the firing holes of the burner body.
The relevance of the work of information and diagnostic systems in the field of monitoring of plate heat exchange equipment is considered. The reliability of the monitoring devices requires an accurate mathematical description of the thermo hydrodynamic processes in the heat exchange channels. The classical description of these processes implies a uniform distribution of the flow rate of the working medium along the length of the plate package, which in turn implies equal conditions for the formation of salt deposition products on the heating surfaces of the plate heat exchanger. The use of dependencies that take into account the equality of costs for a package of plates reduces the reliability of diagnostics of the efficiency of hot water devices of the plate type. Since the geometric space formed by the plates is represented by parallel channels connected by sections of transit collectors, the method of resistance characteristics is proposed as a method of hydraulic calculation of the distribution features of liquid flows through heat exchange channels. The dependence of the design features of the location of the interplate channels relative to the input of the coolant into the distribution manifold is revealed. It is found that, the flow rate of the circulating coolant is less in the channels most remote from the inlet pipe than in the nearest channels. The hypothesis of the influence of the relative position of the channels in relation to the inlet pipe is confirmed by numerical studies of the hydrodynamic regime of the plate heat exchanger.
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