The authors present the results of researching pear new elite forms and cultivars bred at the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, namely: Vezha Muskatna, Dekanka Muskatna, Kytaisky Likhtaryk and hybrid 17-103 with the hight productivity potential – the yield of five year trees on the rootstock IS 4-12 was 40 kg/tree (45 t/ha) under the planting plan 5x2 m. The beginning of the fruit-bearing was early – in the third-fourth years after planting on the mentioned rootstock. The investigated cvs and forms are s.cab (Venturia pirina) resistant, Kytaisky Likhtaryk and Dekanka Muskatna high bacteriosis (Pseudomonas syrnigae) tolerant. The fruits are substantially attractive and characterized with high marketable (Kytaisky Likhtaryk, Dekanka Muskatna), taste qualities (Vezha Muskatna, 17-103) and the refrigerator under the temperature 2 0C. The explored forms and varieties are favourable for the creation of intense trellisless energy-saving ecological orchards with the dwarfing intercalary Pirognom as well as in the breeding work as the sources of concrete signs valuable for economy, namely: early-riping, high yield, resistance to fungous diseases and bacterioses, high taste and marketable qualities, pulp ocliness. The researches have also showed that the high marketable and taste qualities of the created cultivars under moderate sums of the effective temperatures (2500-2700 0C) during the vegetation period make it possible to promote to the Northern regions of Ukraine the cultivation of this valuable crop in industrial and amateur orchards.
The authors have proved the hazel cultivation efficiency in the world and Ukraine. The expediency of this crop growing on the rootstock has been substantiated on the basis of the expedionary inspections of the hazel bole plants revealed in Ukraine. The problems of the grafted plants bole height have been considered, the crown forms, their formation technology recommended as well as the trees planting plans in the orchard. The bole height has proved to influence not only the habit but also sprouting formation of the under the conditions of such an orchard exploitation period. It appeared that hen creating hazel industrial orchards on its tree-like rootstocks it is important to elaborate the crown forms and bole height the parameters of which would ensure high productivity, limit the crown habit and enable to mechanize the fruits collection. The spherical and spindle-like crowns are proposed that are formed on a certain bole height, the latter form differing from the former by a less frit branches amount orientated concerning the row area (5-8). Hazel industrial orchards with the bole culture at present it is mainly are recommended to be established using the planting plan 7-6 х 6-4 m. But when choosing a concrete plan, first of all, the cultivar vigour should be taken into account like under the as well as the crown form, bole height and the fact that this orchard practically does not need irrigation. It is possible to foresee with great probability that the habit parameters of a bush-tree crown can be regulated by the bole height like concerning other fruit crops. However, the final conclusion cannot be made so far because of the lack of the facts as regards cultivars. Besides, it is a bush-tree that is studied and such sign as early-ripening occurs in those constructions in different ways. The necessity is stressed of improving the technology of the hazel grafted planting trees reproduction.
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