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Direct measurements of heat balance (latent heat and sensible heat fluxes) by the eddy covariance method, undertaken in 1998-2000 and 2002-2004, are used to obtain information on the daily, seasonal, and annual dynamics of energy and mass exchange between the atmosphere and the typical ecosystems of Siberia (middle taiga pine forest, raised bog, and true four grass steppe with data for typical tundra) along the Yenisei meridian (90° E).

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Direct measurements of CO2 fluxes by the eddy covariance method have demonstrated that the examined middletaiga pine forest, raised bog, true steppe, and southern tundra along the Yenisei meridian (~90° E) are carbon sinks of different capacities according to annual output. The tundra acts as a carbon sink starting from June; forest and bog, from May; and steppe, from the end of April. In transitional seasons and winter, the ecosystems are a weak source of carbon; this commences from September in the tundra, from October in the forest and bog, and from November in the steppe. The photosynthetic productivity of forest and steppe ecosystems, amounting to 480–530 g C/(m2 year), exceeds by 2–2.5 times that of bogs and tun dras, 200–220 g C/(m2 year). The relationships between the heat balance structure and CO2 exchange are shown. Possible feedback of carbon exchange between the ecosystems and atmosphere as a result of climate warming in the region are assessed

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The article presents a brief history of the formation and development of long-term stationary research in the Central Forest State Natural Biosphere Reserve, starting from the first soil-geomorphological works in the 1930s and up to the creation in 2017 of the IPEE RAS ecological observatory "Okovsky Les". The main results of stationary research in two directions are shown: climatic (implemented at ecological and climatic stations of turbulent pulsations) and landscape-ecological (implemented on the basis of field measurements and processing of remote information). The long-term stationary observations on the territory of the reserve provide extensive material for the study of natural processes and can serve as a basis for creating a national network of environmental monitoring.