Summary Background Exposure to food advertisements is associated with poor diet among youth, and food and beverage companies are increasingly advertising on social media sites that are popular among youth. Objective To identify the prevalence of social media advertising among fast food, beverage, and snack companies and examine advertising techniques they use on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, and Vine. Methods We quantified the increase in the creation of social media accounts from 2007 to 2016 among 200 fast food, beverage, and snack brands from the United States. We conducted content analyses to examine the marketing themes and healthfulness of products featured in 2000 posts from a subset of 20 brands and used multilevel regression to assess associations between marketing themes (eg, adolescents socializing) and interactive tools (eg, hashtags). Results Two hundred brands collectively managed 568 accounts in 2016. Content analyses revealed that unique social media features (eg, geo‐tags) appeared in 74.5% (n = 1489) of posts, and 31.5% (n = 630) were interactive. Posts featuring adolescents were more likely to be interactive than posts featuring adults (P < 0.001). Two‐thirds (67.9%; n = 362) of foods shown were unhealthy, and 61.2% (n = 435) of beverages were sugar sweetened. Conclusions Social media food advertising is pervasive and uses interactive tools to engage with users.
Objectives The current descriptive study aimed to: (i) quantify the number and type of advertisements (ads) located in a Chinese-American neighbourhood in a large, urban city; and (ii) catalogue the targeted marketing themes used in the food/beverage ads. Design Ten pairs of trained research assistants photographed all outdoor ads in a 0.6 mile2 (1.6 km2) area where more than 60.0 % of residents identify as Chinese American. We used content analysis to assess the marketing themes of ads, including references to: Asian cultures; health; various languages; children; food or beverage type (e.g. sugar-sweetened soda). Setting Lower East Side, a neighbourhood located in the borough of Manhattan in New York City, USA. Subjects Ads (n 1366) in the designated neighbourhood. Results Food/beverage ads were the largest ad category (29.7 %, n 407), followed by services (e.g. mobile phone services; 21.0 %, n 288). Sixty-seven per cent (66.9 %) of beverages featured were sugar-sweetened, and 50.8 % of food ads promoted fast food. Fifty-five per cent (54.9 %) of food/beverage ads targeted Asian Americans through language, ethnicity of person(s) in the ad or inclusion of culturally relevant images. Fifty per cent (50.2 %) of ads were associated with local/small brands. Conclusions Food/beverage marketing practices are known to promote unhealthy food and beverage products. Research shows that increased exposure leads to excessive short-term consumption among consumers and influences children’s food preferences and purchase requests. Given the frequency of racially targeted ads for unhealthy products in the current study and increasing rates of obesity-related diseases among Asian Americans, research and policies should address the implications of food and beverage ads on health.
Background Interdisciplinary research teams can increase productivity among academic researchers, yet many junior investigators do not have the training or financial resources to build productive teams. We developed and tested the acceptability and feasibility of three low-cost services to help junior faculty build and maintain their own research teams. Methods At an urban academic medical centre, we implemented three types of consultation services: 1) giving talks on evidence-based best practices for building teams; 2) providing easy-to-use team building resources via email; and 3) offering a year-long consultation service—co-led by students—that taught faculty to build and maintain research teams. Our primary outcome was the number of faculty who used each service. For the yearlong consultation service, we asked faculty participants to complete three online self-assessments to rate their leadership confidence, the team’s performance, and which of the consultation components were most helpful. We used descriptive statistics to evaluate faculty assessment scores at three timepoints by comparing median scores and interquartile ranges. Results We gave 31 talks on team building to 328 faculty and postdoctoral fellows from 2014 to 2020. Separately, 26 faculty heard about our research team building expertise and requested materials via email. For the consultation service, we helped build or enhance 45 research teams from 2014 to 2020. By the end of the consultation, 100% of the faculty reported they were still maintaining their team. In the initial survey, the majority of participants (95.7%, n = 22) reported having no or few experiences in building teams. Further, when asked to rate their team’s performance at 12-months, faculty highly rated many elements of both teamwork and taskwork, specifically their team’s productivity (6/7 points), morale (6/7 points), and motivation (6/7 points). By the end of the program, faculty participants also highly rated two components of the consultation program: recruitment assistance (7/10 points) and provision of team management tools (7/10 points). Conclusions For participating faculty, our program provided valued guidance on recruitment assistance and team management tools. The high demand for team-building resources suggests that junior faculty urgently need better training on how to develop and manage their own team.
Breast cancer is a crucial problem for African American women, with marked disparities in five-year survival relative to non-Latina white women. Research also suggests that Black breast cancer survivors are disadvantaged in specific quality of life (QOL) domains (relative to non-Latina white women), persisting through two years or more. Although spiritual QOL appears more robust for Black women relative to white women, disparities include lower physical QOL, as well as more pronounced depressive symptoms, perceived stress, fear of dying, unmet supportive care needs, and financial distress, with younger Black women (< 50 years) particularly at risk. Additionally, African American breast cancer survivors report receiving a lack of information from their physicians during diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care. Factors such as socioeconomic and medical characteristics only partially explain the QOL disparities. The goal of Project SOAR (Speaking Our African American Realities), a community-academic partnership, is to explore the potential relevance and influence of the Strong Black Woman schema (i.e., historically grounded expectations to prioritize caregiving over self-care, suppress emotions, present an image of strength, decline support, and strive to achieve success without adequate resources) in the breast cancer context. Three Gatherings (i.e., focus groups) were held in intimate settings (e.g., private homes) and provided an entirely Black women’s space to discuss the breast cancer experience. All participants (N = 37; age = 30-94 years) had heard of the concept of the Strong Black Woman, and the majority reported identifying with the scholarly definition of the Strong Black Woman, citing both negative and positive aspects of the schema in their breast cancer experience. Perceived negative consequences included differential treatment in the oncology setting, including a lack of empathy and expectations of Black breast cancer patients’ strength on the part of the oncologic team. Positive facets included a deep spiritual connection, a sense of resilience, and self-advocacy. Additionally, participants reported primarily approach-oriented attempts to cope with their experience (e.g., attempting self-advocacy in the oncologic setting), while also citing struggles in such coping efforts, such as feeling unheard in the medical system and a lack of belonging in the broader breast cancer community. Implications of the findings for the oncologic treatment team and enhancing the experience of Black women as breast cancer survivors will be addressed. Citation Format: Tammie Denyse, Kimberly J Martin, Yrvane K Pageot, K Denise deLuz, Jacqueline HJ Kim, Praise Owoyemi, Annette L Stanton. Project SOAR: The strong black woman schema in the breast cancer context [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-11-23.
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