Objective: To study the clinical presentation, investigational profile and outcome of neonatal sepsis in general and with special reference to inborn (intramural) or out born (extramural), sex and weight of the neonate. Materials and method: Retrospective descriptive study of neonates admitted during 2 years from July 2007 to June 2009 in special care neonatal unit of the department of Pediatrics, College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal. Results: Majority of neonates were out born and referred (72.2%) to this institution. Significant number of babies was having sepsis in out born group (59%) as compared to inborn (35%). Male sex was found to have more sepsis as compared to female. Sepsis was observed to be inversely related to birth weight, 65% in low birth weight (LBW, <2.5Kg) as compared to 42.6% in normal birth weight group (> 2.5kg). Conclusions: High index of suspicion for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is required especially in the presence of risk factors. Prevalence of sepsis is inversely related to birth weight. More number of out born delivered babies developed sepsis. Neonatal sepsis related morbidity and mortality can be significantly reduced by comprehensive obstetric and neonatal care at multiple levels right from community to health institutions. Key words: Neonatal sepsis; Inborn; Out born; Low birth weight (LBW). DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i2.3609 Journal of college of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol.6, No-2, 1-6
Objective: To determine the profile and outcome of children admitted with Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) and to find out the prevalence of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) IgM antibodies positive cases among these patients with their case fatality rate (CFR). Materials and methods: Study consist of retrospective analysis of hospital records of children up to 15 years of age admitted with diagnosis of AES in pediatric wards of College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur from January 2007 to December 2008. Results: During two years, 61 patients of AES were admitted. Male and female patients were 33 and 28 respectively. Meningitis accounted for 29 and encephalitis for 32 patients. JE IgM seropositive cases contributed for 18% of all AES cases. Case fatality for JE was 16.6%. Conclusions: Japanese Encephalitis is endemic in catchment area of the hospital. JE has significant morbidity and mortality which can be prevented by immunization and mortality can be reduced if supportive interventions are provided in time. Key words: AES; JE; CFR. DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i1.3596 Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 1, 7-13
Introduction: Acute respiratory infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under 5 children in developing countries. There are various modifiable risk factors associated with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI). Hence, identification of associated risk factors for ARI may be helpful to reduce the burden of disease. The aims of this study were to study the risk factors for ARI in under five hospitalized children and to correlate risk factors with ARI related morbidity. It was a hospital-based prospective study. Materials and Methods: Children of less than 5 years admitted in ward with diagnosis of ARI were enrolled in the study as cases. Control included children under 5 years of age attending to Well Baby Clinic, Immunization Clinic and siblings or relatives under 5 years who came with patients in the Paediatric outpatient department of the same institution during the same period. Various risk factors, demographic and clinical data of each child were recorded in a pre-designed proforma of both groups. Results: A total of 200 cases and 200 controls were enrolled. The various risk factors associated with ARI on stepwise logistic regression were male gender, rural residency, overcrowding, history of ARI in any family member within two weeks and undernutrition. The statistically insignificant risk factors were infancy, economic status, illiterate parents, cooking fuel other than LPG, low birth weight, prematurity, lack of exclusive breast feeding, vitamin A deficiency and incomplete immunization. Conclusion: The various risk factors for ARI identified in this study were male gender, rural residency, overcrowding, history of ARI in any family member within two weeks and undernutrition.
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