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Pharmacological inhibition of IL-1β, IL-1RI, COX-2, ICAM-1, and related signaling pathways (MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt) may be useful for the control of pulpal inflammation.

Background/purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the use of piezoelectric instruments affected the healing propensity of alveolar sockets after mandibular third molar extraction, compared with conventional rotary instruments. Materials and methods: Thirty patients with impacted bilateral symmetrical mandibular third molars participated in this investigation. We conducted a randomized, crossover study using conventional rotary instruments for extraction on one side and piezoelectric instruments on the other. We evaluated the healing of periodontium at the distal side of the mandibular second molar by probing depth and attachment level. All data including pocket depth and bone healing at the distal side of the mandibular second molar were evaluated with paired t tests for comparison. Results: Although the average pocket depth after extraction with piezoelectric instruments was slightly less than with conventional instruments, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. At one month after extraction, the attachment level at the distal side of the mandibular second molar was better where extraction was done with piezoelectric instruments than conventional instruments (P < 0.05), though no significant difference between the two extraction methods was observed at two months postoperation.

The Nd:YAG laser varying from 50 mJ, 10 pps to 150 mJ, 20 pps, for 2 minutes, did not seem to be effective in destroying diseased cementum endotoxin.