Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-stimulated transcription factors that modulate gene transcription by recruiting coregulators to gene promoters. Subcellular localization and dynamic movements of transcription factors have been shown to be one of the major means of regulating their transcriptional activity. In the present report we describe the subcellular localization and the dynamics of intracellular trafficking of steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1). After its synthesis in the cytoplasm, SRC-1 is imported into the nucleus, where it activates transcription and is subsequently exported back to the cytoplasm. In both the nucleus and cytoplasm, SRC-1 is localized in speckles. The characterization of SRC-1 nuclear localization sequence reveals that it is a classic bipartite signal localized in the N-terminal region of the protein, between amino acids 18 and 36. This sequence is highly conserved within the other members of the p160 family. Additionally, SRC-1 nuclear export is inhibited by leptomycin B. The region involved in its nuclear export is localized between amino acids 990 and 1038. It is an unusually large domain differing from the classic leucine-rich NES sequences. Thus SRC-1 nuclear export involves either an alternate type of NES or is dependent on the interaction of SRC-1 with a protein, which is exported through the crm1/exportin pathway. Overall, the intracellular trafficking of SRC-1 might be a mechanism to regulate the termination of hormone action, the interaction with other signaling pathways in the cytoplasm and its degradation.

The concept of Dejerine-Sottas disease, which corresponds to presumed recessive demyelinating neuropathies with onset in infancy, remains controversial. To learn more on the subject, we performed a clinico-pathological and molecular genetic study in 15 unrelated patients with the Dejerine-Sottas phenotype seen over a 16 year period. There were 12 females and 3 males, born to asymptomatic parents. Study of the PMP22, P0 and Egr2 genes was performed in all cases and 14 underwent a nerve biopsy. First manifestations of neuropathy occurred before 3 years of age in all patients. An inherited disorder was suspected in 10 patients, because of their family history and/or disclosure of a molecular genetic defect in 4 of them. One patient had a recessively transmitted homozygous point mutation (Arg157Trp) of the PMP22 gene. A heterozygous duplication of the 17p11.2-12 segment was detected in one offspring of a consanguineous marriage. One patient carried a "de novo" heterozygous Ser72Leu substitution in the PMP22. A heterozygous double mutation of the P0 gene including a "de novo" Val42 deletion and an Ala221Thr substitution, maternally inherited, were found in an apparently sporadic case. No mutation of the Egr2 gene was identified. A neuropathy with focally folded myelin sheaths (CMT4B) was diagnosed in the nerve biopsy specimens of two patients. In five patients, the clinico-pathological findings along with the absence of an identified mutation suggested the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy of infantile onset. Our findings illustrate the genetic heterogeneity of cases with identified mutations, the scarcity of cases with "demonstrated" recessive transmission and the likelihood of early acquired chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in several patients.

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In this article, the impact of 2D based approaches for multitexturing 3D models using real images is studied. While conventional 3D based approaches assign the best texture for each mesh triangle according to geometric criteria such as triangle orientation or triangle area, 2D based approaches tend to minimize the distortion between the rendered views and the original ones. Evaluation of the two strategies is performed on real scenes for two image sequences and results are provided using the PSNR metric. Moreover, an improvement of the image-based approach is proposed for texturing partially visible triangles.

Le cannabis est la drogue récréative la plus utilisée dans le monde. Une des inquiétudes majeures de l'exposition au cannabis concerne son effet négatif sur la fonction reproductive. La découverte du système endocannabinnoïde, composé de multiples ligands endogènes lipidiques, leurs récepteurs et leurs enzymes métaboliques, a permis de mettre en évidence l'importance de la signalisation de ce système dans de multiples événements de la reproduction. Dans cet article, nous nous proposons de passer en revue la littérature sur l'impact du cannabis dans la fonction reproductive masculine. Nous aborderons les études réalisées chez l'homme et chez l'animal, et enfin nous discuterons les limites et perspectives des études envisageables pour évaluer les effets du cannabis sur la fertilité masculine. Mots clés Cannabis · Endocannabinoïde · Reproduction · InfertilitéAbstract Cannabis is the most used recreational drug in the world. One of the major concerns of exposure to the cannabis is its negative effect on the reproductive function. The discovery of the endocannabinoid system, composed of multiple endogenous lipid ligands, their receptors and their metabolic enzymes, highlights the importance of the signaling pathways of this system in multiple events of reproduction. The objective of this study is to review the impact of the cannabis on male reproductive function. The limits and the perspective possible studies to evaluate the effects of the cannabis on male fertility are discussed in this study on the basis of the studies carried out on men and animals.

International audienceThis paper proposes featureless algorithms to address complex maneuvers for non-holonomic mobile robots. Using a single omnidirectional camera, the robot reaches the target position using an omnidirectional pho-tometric visual servoing algorithm that simultaneously controls translation and rotation. Evaluation of the positioning task was performed on eight different positions on a circle and the error between the final position and the target one is measured