Catch-up is a well-known and familiar terminology for innovation scholars in developing countries such as Taiwan, Korea and China. The strategy, however, is too difficult to perform in each industry. This study looks into a catch-up strategy that Apple and Xiaomi used and examines the results on the creative imitation of business model in the smartphone industry. It is quite surprising that even Apple is based on catch-up strategy. They wanted to catch-up Nokia. Our case study shows that these two companies quickly caught up with the leaders, and the common feature of their strategy is characterized as creative imitation of business model. Creative imitation of business model is different from creative imitation of innovation. Furthermore, this research confirms that the creative imitation of business model leads to aggressive creative innovation.
(OSs) were included. Compared to cataract surgery alone, implantation of iStent®combined with cataract surgery was associated with a decrease in IOP at 12 months in RCTs (-1.37 mmHg; 95 percent Confidence Interval, CI: -2.76 to .03 mmHg, p = .055). Results from RCTs and OSs on the effect of iStent® combined or not with cataract surgery suggest also a 12-month positive effect on IOP (mean reduction: 1.5 to 9.5 mmHg) and on mean number of medications (reduction: .3 to 2.0) compared to baseline. Scattered results were found on the proportion of patients who no longer use glaucoma medications. Small sample size, short duration of follow-up, and potential conflicts of interest were among studies limitations. The most common adverse events reported were posterior capsular opacification, decrease in visual acuity, and stent obstruction or malposition.
Most research on Official Development Assistance (ODA) targeted the recipients, but this study examines the effect of ODA on the donor's exports to the recipient. To do this, a panel analysis was carried out with ODA and macroeconomic data on the United States and 33 other countries from 1999 to 2009. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The economic influence on the donor varies with the recipient's localization effort. (2) High-tech exports to the recipient are independent of ODA. (3) In medium-to-low-technology areas, ODA has a positive effect on exports to the recipient with low absorption efforts. (4) Both High-tech and LM-tech product exports decreases with the technological innovation efforts of recipients with high absorption efforts, while High-tech product exports only increases with that of recipients with low absorption efforts. These results indicate that a strategic approach for ODA program is more effective and useful to the donor's economy.
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