In this work, we attempt to improve the quality of the perovskite film using a functional additive in the perovskite antisolvent, which is known as antisolvent additive engineering (AAE). An AAE additive, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), that includes −OH and CO functional groups is introduced into the antisolvent. Its effect on the perovskite film and devices is then systematically studied. Comprehensive analyses including cell performance, carrier transport dynamics, and perovskite surface and morphology measurements were performed to prove that this HEA-based AAE leads to better perovskite films with a larger grain size and fewer perovskite defects and also to prove that this AAE approach is a promising way to obtain high-quality perovskite and corresponding high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. As a result, this facile AAE with HEA obtained a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.46% and showed better stability, maintaining over 61% of its initial PCE after 96 days under ambient air conditions.

The fundamental unit of chromatin, the nucleosome, is an intricate structure that requires histone chaperones for assembly. ATAD2 AAA+ ATPases are a family of histone chaperones that regulate nucleosome density and chromatin dynamics. Here, we demonstrate that the fission yeast ATAD2 homolog, Abo1, deposits histone H3–H4 onto DNA in an ATP-hydrolysis-dependent manner by in vitro reconstitution and single-tethered DNA curtain assays. We present cryo-EM structures of an ATAD2 family ATPase to atomic resolution in three different nucleotide states, revealing unique structural features required for histone loading on DNA, and directly visualize the transitions of Abo1 from an asymmetric spiral (ATP-state) to a symmetric ring (ADP- and apo-states) using high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM). Furthermore, we find that the acidic pore of ATP-Abo1 binds a peptide substrate which is suggestive of a histone tail. Based on these results, we propose a model whereby Abo1 facilitates H3–H4 loading by utilizing ATP.

TAL1 is a key hematopoietic transcription factor that binds to regulatory regions of a large cohort of erythroid genes as part of a complex with GATA-1, LMO2 and Ldb1. The complex mediates long-range interaction between the β-globin locus control region (LCR) and active globin genes, and although TAL1 is one of the two DNA-binding complex members, its role is unclear. To explore the role of TAL1 in transcription activation of the human γ-globin genes, we reduced the expression of TAL1 in erythroid K562 cells using lentiviral short hairpin RNA, compromising its association in the β-globin locus. In the TAL1 knockdown cells, the γ-globin transcription was reduced to 35% and chromatin looping of the Gγ-globin gene with the LCR was disrupted with decreased occupancy of the complex member Ldb1 and LMO2 in the locus. However, GATA-1 binding, DNase I hypersensitive site formation and several histone modifications were largely maintained across the β-globin locus. In addition, overexpression of TAL1 increased the γ-globin transcription and increased interaction frequency between the Gγ-globin gene and LCR. These results indicate that TAL1 plays a critical role in chromatin loop formation between the γ-globin genes and LCR, which is a critical step for the transcription of the γ-globin genes.

No abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the postoperative complications according to the location (floor/medial wall/floor and medial wall) of the orbital fracture of 405 patients during the past 10 years and to investigate the possible alterative data in postoperative outcome in change with the application of 2 synthetic orbital implants: porous polyethylene (Medpor) and hydroxyapatite (Biocoral). The medical records of 405 patients were reviewed especially for enophthalmos, diplopia, sensory disturbance in the area of distribution of the infraorbital nerve, and postoperative complications originated from the implanted material itself, from March 1993 to July 2003. Of the 405 patients, 214 patients were operated with porous polyethylene and 191 patients with hydroxyapatite. The complication rate of the porous polyethylene group was 5.6%, which was not statistically different from that of the hydroxyapatite group (9.4%). Also by the location of fracture, the complication rate of both groups was similar statistically. In the comparative category, enophthalmos was more frequent statistically in patients treated with hydroxyapatite than those treated with porous polyethylene, and no other significant differences were in postoperative outcomes between the both groups. The information provided in this report should aid in using porous polyethylene or hydroxyapatite for reconstruction of the orbital fracture and in accomplishing better postoperative outcome.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract