Spray-coated ZnO electron transport layer for air-stable inverted organic solar cells

Kang, Young-Seok; Lim, Kyounga; Jung, Sunghoon; Kim, Do-Geun; Kim, Jong‐Kuk; Kim, Chang-Su; Kim, Soo H.; Kang, Jae‐Wook

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2011.09.045

Cited by 53 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Though ZnO ETL for solar cells generally can be prepared by various methods, such as atomic layer deposition, [ 29 ] electro deposition, [ 25 ] spin-coating, [ 30 ] spray-coating, [ 31 ] and the sol-gel technique, [ 26,32 ] it is well known that low-temperature solutionprocessed amorphous ZnO layers usually yield poor device performance with a reported maximum PCE of ≈3.2%. [ 31 ] This indicates that low-temperature processing of ZnO may introduce substantial microstructural and/or morphological imperfections into the donor-acceptor network, which could be detrimental to many applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 31 ] This indicates that low-temperature processing of ZnO may introduce substantial microstructural and/or morphological imperfections into the donor-acceptor network, which could be detrimental to many applications. Thus, ordered ZnO nanorods or crystalline ZnO fi lms with optimized morphological and microstructural features and high carrier mobilities have been proposed to improve the performance of conducting polymerZnO nanoparticles (NP) BHJ solar cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, ordered ZnO nanorods or crystalline ZnO fi lms with optimized morphological and microstructural features and high carrier mobilities have been proposed to improve the performance of conducting polymerZnO nanoparticles (NP) BHJ solar cells. [ 22,25,[31][32][33] Recently, solution-processed amorphous ZnO interlayers prepared at low temperatures (100 °C) in inverted BHJ solar cells have been demonstrated to have a power conversion effi ciency of ≈4.1%, as effi cient as solar cells based on polycrystalline ZnO fi lms prepared at substantially higher temperatures (150-400 °C). [ 34 ] On the other hand, room-temperature fabrication of ZnO ETL by spin-coating perovskite solar cells has also been reported, indicating that even annealing was not required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambient Layer‐by‐Layer ZnO Assembly for Highly Efficient Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

Eita

Labban

Cruciani

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

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To produce printable, portable, and fl exible bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, the development of effi cient, inexpensive, and high-throughput fabrication methods is critically important. A number of methods to fabricate BHJ solar cells already exist, including highvacuum deposition systems, solution processing, and direct chemical deposition on device substrates. [ 5,[14][15][16] Because solution processing is amenable to the formation of an interpenetrating donoracceptor network, while also being a costeffective approach, it is one of the most promising approaches to large-scale BHJ solar cell modules. [ 15,16 ] Among various solution processable donor-acceptor systems, polymer BHJ solar cells based on interpenetrating networks of conjugated polymer and fullerene derivatives as donor and acceptor materials have exhibited a power conversion effi ciency (PCE) up to ≈10%. [17][18][19][20] This dramatic increase in photovoltaic performance is caused by the optimization of the morphology of the active layer, the device architecture, and the interface control of the electron donors and acceptors. The other important approach to optimizing the interpenetrating networks and interfacial contacts between the donor and acceptor components is the use of hybrid polymer-metal oxides, in which the polymer acts as the light-absorbing component. [ 15,[21][22][23][24] One of the key issues associated with the polymer-metal oxide BHJ solar cells is the high electron mobilities in the inorganic component compared with the modest hole mobilities in the polymer. Effi cient polymer-metal oxide BHJ solar cells have been demonstrated using ZnO nanoparticles and a conducting polymer, such as a poly-1,4-phenylenevinylene derivative. [ 15,22 ] For instance, under AM1.5 conditions, polymer/ZnO solar cells with short circuit current densities ( J SC ) of 3.3 mA cm −2 , open circuit voltages ( V OC ) of 0.81 V, fi ll factors (FF) of ≈60%, and overall PCE of 1.6% have been reported. [ 15 ] This fi nding indicates that ZnO, an n -type metal oxide, possessing a wide direct bandgap (3.37 eV), an appropriate conduction band, and high electrontransporting properties, is an effective electron transport layer (ETL) for inverted polymer solar cells. [25][26][27] The strong absorption of ZnO in the UV region with a band edge cut-off at 370 nm is also important to blocking UV light and protecting the photoactive layer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambient Layer‐by‐Layer ZnO Assembly for Highly Efficient Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

Eita

Labban

Cruciani

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Here, ZnO can be easily processed from solution using a sol-gel method, [20,21] with such materials also being compatible with deposition by spray coating. [14,22] We note that inverted devices can have significant advantages resulting from higher efficiencies and improved operational stability. [23,24] In this study, we fabricate PffBT4T:2OD:PC 71 BM based bulk heterojunction OPVs based on both conventional and inverted architectures.…”

Section: Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating high performance conventional and inverted polymer solar cells by spray coating in air

Zhang

Scarratt

Wang

et al. 2017

Vacuum

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Article available under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) eprints@whiterose.ac.uk https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request.

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“…Regarding to the spray technique it has been found good results with bioactive coatings applied by airbrush, with thickness in the 50-500 µm range and with adhesion strength of 25 MPa [17]. As well as in others electronic and industry applications, the spray technique has been used, and the main advantage of this technique is that the access to very irregular zones is possible, making pneumatic spraying an affordable and versatile technique that can be used in many applications [17][18][19][20][21][22]. The main goals of this study were to synthetize bioactive coatings via the sol gel method, obtain coatings with significant thickness by pneumatic spray, and compare the electrochemical behavior of an stainless steel 316L substrate using two different techniques: spray and dip coating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Sol Gel Coatings Applied Using the Pneumatic Spray Technique on AISI 316L Stainless Steel

A¹

2015

J Biotechnol Biomater

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Bioactive coatings were obtained via the sol gel method and deposited on stainless steel AISI 316L using a pneumatic spray. TEOS and MTES were used as precursors, obtaining a hybrid sol; wollastonite bioactive particles were dispersed inside the sol. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was tested with potentiodynamic curves after immersion of the coatings in SBF for 7 and 40 days. It was possible to obtain coatings with a thickness of 47.7 ± 8 µm. In comparison with other methods of deposition, it was possible to obtain thicker coatings with the pneumatic spray deposition technique, giving the substrate a better protection factor against corrosion. After immersion in SBF (simulated physiologic fluid), the formation of an appetite film on the surface and inside the pores was observed. Deposition of the apatite film helps to promote Osseo integration, and the product formation inside the pores helps to improve corrosion resistance of the substrate.

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Spray-coated ZnO electron transport layer for air-stable inverted organic solar cells

Cited by 53 publications

References 28 publications

Ambient Layer‐by‐Layer ZnO Assembly for Highly Efficient Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

Ambient Layer‐by‐Layer ZnO Assembly for Highly Efficient Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

Fabricating high performance conventional and inverted polymer solar cells by spray coating in air

Bioactive Sol Gel Coatings Applied Using the Pneumatic Spray Technique on AISI 316L Stainless Steel

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