The Korean version of the FACT-Cog is a valid and reliable scale to measure self-reporting of cognitive impairment in patients with breast cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy.

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Aim: This study aimed to understand the career decision types of nursing college students and accordingly identify their career identity, satisfaction with major, and career stress. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit nursing students (N = 220) attending the same college in Korea. Data were collected from May 1 to May 30, 2017. General characteristics included sex, grade, religion, extracurricular activities, and motive for their nursing major choice. The instruments included career decision type, career identity, satisfaction with major, and career stress. Results: Total cases of clusters showed 79 (39.5%) individuals in the undecideduncomfortable type, 75 (37.5%) in decided-comfortable, 32 (16.0%) in undecidedcomfortable, and 14 (7.0%) in decided-uncomfortable. The results indicated statistically significant differences in grade (P = .001), religion (P = .040), nursing major selection motive (P = .030), career identity (P < .001), satisfaction with major (P < .001), and career stress (P < .001) by career decision type. Conclusions: Customized career education programs should be provided to nursing students to improve their career identity and satisfaction with major, while lowering career stress, considering career decision-comfort and decidedness, along with the reasons why some students find career decisions emotionally uncomfortable.

Purpose: Evidence suggests that some patients with breast cancer experience cognitive difficulties following chemotherapy. This longitudinal study was done to examine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and trajectory of cognitive function over time in women with breast cancer, who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Participants were 137 patients with breast cancer. They completed neuropsychological tests and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function before adjuvant therapy (pretest), toward the end of adjuvant therapy (posttest), and 6 months after the completion of adjuvant therapy (follow-up test). Of the patients, 91 were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and 46 patients who did not receive chemotherapy made up the comparison group. A reliable-change index and repeated-measure ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Results: At the posttest point, over 30% of patients showed complex cognitive impairment and reported greater difficulty in subjective cognitive function. At the follow-up test point, 22.0% of patients exhibited complex cognitive impairment and 30.8% of patients complained of subjective cognitive impairment. Repeated-measure ANOVA showed significant decreases after receiving chemotherapy followed by small improvements 6 months after the completion of chemotherapy in cognitive domains of change for attention and concentration, memory, executive function, and subjective cognitive function. Conclusion: These results suggest that chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer may be associated with objective and subjective cognitive impairments. Further studies are needed to explore the potential risk factors and predictor of chemotherapy-related cognitive changes. Also nursing interventions for prevention and intervention of cognitive impairments should be developed and tested.

Purpose: This study seeks to examine prevalence, risk factors, and quality of life of Korean adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Methods: From the database of the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-1, 2008), the researchers selected 1,458 adults over the age of 45. The original study was a populationbased epidemiological survey of health and nutrition with a stratified multistage clustered probability design. Prevalence of COPD was computed on the basis of the sampling weight. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ 2 test, t-test and multiple logistic regression with the SPSS WIN 18.0 and SAS Ver. 9.1 program. Results: The prevalence of COPD was 18.0% among people older than 45 yr. The prevalence of current smokers was 19.7% in this population and 26.3% in individuals with COPD. Age, gender, education, and smoking levels were found to be risk factors for COPD. Significant difference in quality of life was founded between adults with COPD and the healthy controls. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that COPD is a highly prevalent disease in Korea. To reduce the prevalence of COPD and improve health-related quality of life in patients with COPD, nursing interventions must focus on prevention of risk factors.

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Purpose: Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is defined as 'positive psychological change experienced as a result of a struggle with highly challenging life circumstances'. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of PTG and its correlates in Korean patients with breast cancer. Methods: A sample of 120 participants was recruited from outpatients, who had successfully completed primary treatment of breast cancer at a university hospital., Data were collected from June to December, 2014 using Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, lllness Intrusiveness Rating Scale, Cancer Coping Questionnaire, Revised Life Orientation Test and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Results: Total score for the PTG was 79.18±17.54 in patients surviving breast cancer. Bivariate analyses indicated that PTG was positively associated with having a religion, perceived social support, greater optimism, cancer coping, and illness intrusiveness. Results of the regression analysis showed that cancer coping (ß=.29, p =.001), optimism (ß=0.28, p =.001) and illness intrusiveness (ß=0.17, p =.037) were statistically significant in patients' PTG. Conclusion: The research findings show that the variables of cancer coping, optimism and illness intrusiveness significantly explain PTG and these psychological variables can be used to provide improvement in PTG for patients with breast cancer. If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

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