Significance Neurulation has been intensively studied in lower vertebrates, but marked species differences call into question the relevance of these models for human neural tube (NT) closure. Here, using mouse embryos, we demonstrate that mammalian neural fold apposition results from constriction of the open posterior NT, which is biomechanically coupled to the zippering point by an F-actin network. Using the Zic2 mutant model, we show that genetic predisposition to spina bifida, which likely underlies most human cases, directly affects the biomechanics of closure. We also identify a NT closure point at the caudal end of the embryo. Many spina bifida cases correspond to this anatomic portion of the NT, suggesting that this closure point may be important in humans as well.

Mixed-color illumination affects the quality of images in industrial vision system and it is important to optimize color and intensity for image acquisition. This study used simplex search to find the optimal illumination in a short amount of time. A typical color mixer synthesized various color of lights by changing the inputs of RGB power LEDs and passing the lights through an optical system. The image quality under mixed-color illumination was calculated according to the sharpness. For the purpose of optimal illumination using simplex search, a probe network was organized with N þ 1probing points for N inputs. The shape of the probe network, simplex, was varied through procedures of extension, contraction, and shrinkage. The inputs of the color mixer were changed until the size of the simplex became smaller than a threshold. The simplex search was tested for commercial semiconductor patterns, and was useful for finding the optimal illumination.

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In this letter, we propose the new first light search algorithm using 2 tilting stages in optical fiber component assembly process. The proposed algorithm is theoretically and experimentally investigated. The experimental results for 4 different initial light spot conditions show that the theoretical approach and the experiments of our algorithm are exactly matched and that our proposed algorithm can be a new candidate for the first light search algorithm in the fiber-optic component assembly industrial field.