BackgroundUnder certain conditions, exertional headaches may reflect coronary ischemia.Case ReportA 44-year-old woman developed intermittent exercise-induced headaches with chest tightness over a period of 10 months. Cardiac catheterization followed by acetylcholine provocation demonstrated a right coronary artery spasm with chest tightness, headache, and ischemic effect of continuous electrocardiography changes. The patient's headache disappeared following intra-arterial nitroglycerine injection.ConclusionsA coronary angiogram with provocation study revealed variant angina and cardiac cephalalgia, as per the International Classification of Headache Disorders (code 10.6). We report herein a patient with cardiac cephalalgia that manifested as reversible coronary vasospasm following an acetylcholine provocation test.
Stay-green 1 (SGR1) protein is a critical regulator of chlorophyll degradation and senescence in plant leaves; however, the functions of tomato SGR1 remain ambiguous. Here, we generated an SGR1-knockout (KO) null line via clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-mediated gene editing and conducted RNA sequencing and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Solanum lycopersicum SGR1 (SlSGR1) knockout null line clearly showed a turbid brown color with significantly higher chlorophyll and carotenoid levels than those in the wild-type (WT) fruit. Differential gene expression analysis revealed 728 DEGs between WT and sgr#1-6 line, including 263 and 465 downregulated and upregulated genes, respectively, with fold-change >2 and adjusted p-value < 0.05. Most of the DEGs have functions related to photosynthesis, chloroplasts, and carotenoid biosynthesis. The strong changes in pigment and carotenoid content resulted in the accumulation of key primary metabolites, such as sucrose and its derivatives (fructose, galactinol, and raffinose), glycolytic intermediates (glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, and fructose-6-phosphate), and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (malate and fumarate) in the leaves and fruit of the SGR-KO null lines. Overall, the SGR1-KO null lines developed here provide new evidence for the mechanisms underlying the roles of SGR1 as well as the molecular pathways involved in photosynthesis, chloroplasts, and carotenoid biosynthesis.
This study examined the effects of adolescent stress on somatic symptoms. In order to scrutinize the moderating effects of social support, this study also examined the effects by different sources of social support on somatization. The subjects of this study were 425 students in total, consisting of first and second year high school students in Seoul and Gyeonggido, and they were asked to fill out a self-administrated questionnaire. A correlation analysis of stress, social support and somatic symptoms of adolescent showed a significantly positive correlation between stress and somatic symptoms. Also we found that high levels of stress on family, life environment and self are related to lower social support. And social support showed a negative correlation with somatic symtoms. Finally the investigation of social supports' moderating effect on stress and somatization proved that there were significant moderating effects of mother's and father's support in the areas of family and everyday life related stress. In addition to that, father's support had a alleviating effects on self area stress. In conclusion, the results showed that parental support had alleviating effects, even though the stress level was high. (Korean J Str Res 2015;23:187∼196)
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