BackgroundRecently, the concept of sepsis was redefined by an international task force. This international task force of experts recommended using the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) criteria instead of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria to classify patients at high risk for death. However, the added value of these new criteria in the emergency department (ED) remains unclear. Thus, we performed this meta-analysis to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the qSOFA criteria in predicting mortality in ED patients with infections and compared the performance with that of the SIRS criteria.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar (up to April 2018) were searched for related articles. A 2 × 2 contingency table was constructed according to mortality and qSOFA score (< 2 and ≥ 2) or SIRS score (< 2 and ≥ 2) in ED patients with infections. Two investigators independently assessed study eligibility and extracted data. We used a bivariate meta-analysis model to determine the prognostic value of qSOFA and SIRS in predicting mortality. We used the I2 index to test heterogeneity. The bivariate random-effects regression model was used to pool the individual sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR). The summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) was constructed to assess the overall diagnostic accuracy.ResultsEight studies with a total of 52,849 patients were included. A qSOFA score ≥ 2 was associated with a higher risk of mortality in ED patients with infections, with a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 4.55 (95% CI, 3.38–6.14) using a random-effects model (I2 = 91.1%). A SIRS score ≥ 2 was a prognostic marker of mortality in ED patients with infections, with a pooled RR of 2.75 (95% CI, 1.96–3.86) using a random-effects model (I2 = 89%). When comparing the performance of qSOFA and SIRS in predicting mortality, a qSOFA score ≥ 2 was more specific; however a SIRS score ≥ 2 was more sensitive. The initial qSOFA values were of limited prognostic value in ED patients with infections.ConclusionsA qSOFA score ≥ 2 and SIRS score ≥ 2 are strongly associated with mortality in ED patients with infections. However, it is also clear that qSOFA and SIRS have limitations as risk stratification tools for ED patients with infections.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13049-018-0527-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Results show that inhalation of budesonide (2 mg 3 times/day) and systemic methylprednisolone (40 mg/day) had similar clinical outcome in AECOPD. In conclusion, inhaled budesonide is an alternative to systemic corticosteroids in AECOPD treatment.
BackgroundAdjunctive corticosteroids therapy is an attractive option for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) treatment. However, the effectiveness of adjunctive corticosteroids on mortality of CAP remains inconsistent, especially in severe CAP. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive corticosteroids in severe CAP patients.MethodsThree databases of PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched for related studies published in English up to December, 2015. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of corticosteroids in hospitalized adults with severe CAP were included. Meta-analysis was performed by a random-effect model with STATA 11.0 software. We estimated the summary risk ratios (RRs) or effect size (ES) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) to assess the outcomes.ResultsWe included 8 RCTs enrolling 528 severe CAP patients. Adjunctive corticosteroids significantly reduced all-cause mortality (RR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.28 to 0.77, p = 0.003), risk of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (RR = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.07 to 0.80, p = 0.02) and need for mechanical ventilation (RR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.27 to 0.92, p = 0.026). Adjunctive corticosteroids did not increase frequency of hyperglycemia requiring treatment (RR = 1.03, 95%CI: 0.61 to 1.72, p = 0.91) or gastrointestinal hemorrhage (RR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.19 to 2.31, p = 0.52). In subgroup analysis by duration of corticosteroids, we found that prolonged corticosteroids therapy significantly reduced all-cause mortality (RR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.20 to 0.83, p = 0.01) and length of hospital stay (−4.76 days, 95% CI:-8.13 to -1.40, p = 0.006).ConclusionsResults from this meta-analysis suggested that adjunctive corticosteroids therapy was safe and beneficial for severe CAP. In addition, prolonged corticosteroids therapy was more effective. These results should be confirmed by adequately powered studies in the future.
Background:The concept of sepsis was redefined recently, and a new screening system termed the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) was recommended for identifying infected patients at high risk for death. However, the predictive value of qSOFA for mortality in patients with pneumonia remains unclear. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis with the aim of determining the prognostic value of qSOFA in predicting mortality in patients with pneumonia.Methods:Embase, Google Scholar, and PubMed (up to March 2018) were searched for related articles. We constructed a 2 × 2 contingency table according to mortality and qSOFA scores (<2 and ≥2) in patients with pneumonia. Two investigators independently extracted data and assessed study eligibility. A bivariate meta-analysis model was used to determine the prognostic value of qSOFA in predicting mortality. I2 index and Q-test were used to assess heterogeneity.Results:Six studies with 17,868 patients were included. A qSOFA score ≥2 was related to a higher risk for death in patients with pneumonia, with a pooled risk ratio (RR) was 3.35 (95% CI, 2.24–5.01) using a random-effects model (I2 = 89.4%). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of a qSOFA score ≥2 to predict mortality in patients with pneumonia were 0.43 (95% CI, 0.33–0.53) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.76–0.92), respectively. The diagnostic OR was 4 (95% CI, 3–6). The area under the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.63–0.71). When we calculated the community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) subgroup, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.36 (95% CI, 0.26–0.48) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.84–0.95), respectively. The area under the SROC curve was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.66–0.74).Conclusions:A qSOFA score ≥2 is strongly associated with mortality in patients with pneumonia, but the poor sensitivity of qSOFA may have limitations in the early identification of mortality in patients with pneumonia.
Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide, and non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) is responsible for over 80 % of lung cancer-related deaths. Identifying novel molecular biomarker that can inhibit the progression of lung cancer will facilitate the development of new treatment strategies. Herein, we demonstrated that miR-541-3p is a tumor-suppressor microRNA (miRNA) in NSCLC progression. We found that expression of miR-541-3p was decreased obviously in NSCLC tissues and plasma. Down-regulation of miR-541-3p was associated with TNM stage and postoperative survival. Overexpression of miR-541-3p inhibited the growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells. The TGIF2 was a direct target of miR-541-3p and promoted the growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells. Further study showed that TGIF2 could reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-541-3p on growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells. Taken together, our data highlight the pivotal role of miR-541-3p in the progression of NSCLC. Thus, miR-541-3p may be a potential prognostic marker and of treatment relevance for NSCLC progression intervention.
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