This study was carried out to determine the contents of vitamins A and E in carcass fat from Japanese Black and F1 cross cattle, because the method of controlling the amount of vitamin A in feed has been used in the production of expensive beef with high marbling in Japan. We determined the contents of tocopherol and retinol in subcutaneous and perirenal fats for 40 carcasses of Japanese Black and F1 (Holstein×Japanese Black crossed) cattle that had been sent to market from 10 prefectures. In bovine fat, free αtocopherol was present in the greatest amount, the level of γ-tocopherol was about 10% and there was only a trace of δ-tocopherol. The means±standard deviation of α-tocopherol content in subcutaneous and perirenal fats were 0.68±0.33 mg/100 g and 0.54±0.23 mg/100 g, respectively. The means±standard deviation of retinol content in subcutaneous and perirenal fats were 2.9±4.5 µg/100 g and 2.9±5.1 µg/100 g, respectively. Both vitamins differed widely between animals and were present at a relatively low level compared to other reports (α-tocopherol 2.4-5.4 mg/100 g fat tissue and 30-220 µg/100 g muscle tissue). The correlation coefficients between subcutaneous and perirenal fats for retinol and α-tocopherol content were 0.97 (p<0.01) and 0.82 (p<0.01), respectively, which showed high correlation. However, the correlation coefficients between retinol and α-tocopherol contents for subcutaneous and perirenal fats were 0.11 and 0.08, respectively, which showed low correlation. Breed effect was observed in both vitamins. These results indicated that vitamins A and E in fat from Japanese Black and F1 cross cattle under the vitamin A controlling method are present at relatively low levels and feeds need to be supplemented with vitamin E.

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Since methane fermentation of animal wastes is low in gas production(e. g. 0.4l/g-VS), it was not so practical.To solve this problem, high rate digestion of the wastes was required on its process. Three approaches for high production of methane gas were studied; 1) The separation of solids in animal waste water by 0.3mm screen.2) The mixture of animal waste and garbage.3) The mixture of animal waste, garbage and waste edible oil. Results were as follows; 1) By separating solids with the screen, ratio of Volatile Solid(VS)/BOD was improved to 100/81, and gas production ratio to VS also increased by 25%, in swine waste. 2)