Light from confusion: A set of doubly N‐confused calix[6]phyrins bearing two coordination sites (NNNC,NNNC or NNNN,NNCC) were synthesized. Their bis‐PtII complexes exhibit near‐infrared emission around 1000 nm, which could make these compounds ideal for biological applications.
We comprehensively calculated the photonic bands of the waveguide modes in practical lattice-shifted photonic crystal waveguides, which are completely cladded by silica. We assumed various lattice shifts and found that the shift of the second rows and the mixed shift of the first and third rows along the waveguide generate low-dispersion slow light with group indices of 34 -36, which is higher than those with a conventional shift of the third rows, maintaining a wide bandwidth over 10 nm at telecom wavelengths. We fabricated the waveguides using a CMOS-compatible process and confirmed correspondence with the calculation results. We also compared 25-Gbps photonic crystal slow light Mach−Zehnder modulators and confirmed the improvement of the modulation efficiency by second-row shifts.
The slow-light effect in silicon lattice-shifted photonic crystal waveguide (LSPCW) Mach-Zehnder modulators allows compact phase shifters, while limiting the working spectrum Δλ. We optimized the structural parameters of the LSPCW and extended Δλ to cover the full C-band in exchange for moderately decreasing the group index n. We obtained Δλ=42 nm with n=8-9 in a fabricated device and observed 25 Gbps eye opening in the 200 μm modulator in the full C-band.
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