The low solubility of fullerenes in aqueous solution limits their applications in biology. By appropriate substitution, the fullerenes can be transformed into stabilized anions that are water soluble and can form large aggregated structures. A laser light scattering study of the association behavior of the potassium salt of pentaphenyl fullerene (Ph5C60K) in water revealed that the hydrocarbon anions Ph5C60- associate into bilayers, forming stable spherical vesicles with an average hydrodynamic radius and a radius of gyration of about 17 nanometers at a very low critical aggregation concentration of less than 10(-7) moles per liter. The average aggregation number of associated particles in these large spherical vesicles is about 1.2 x 10(4).

This article introduces an overview of progressively developing chemistry of N-confused porphyrin and related macrocycles. Study on confusion results in discovery of fusion and combination with expansion or contraction has provided uniquely important classes of porphyrinoids. Syntheses, properties and coordination chemistry of such porphyrinoids are briefly described. Possibilities in applications are also mentioned.

More confused than ever: Three types of N‐confused corrole isomers (NCCs) were synthesized, and the structures of these isomers were revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The position of the confused pyrrole ring in the NCC has a pronounced effect on optical and anion‐binding properties.

"Bucky ferrocenes", molecular hybrids of ferrocene and fullerene, have been synthesized in good yield on gram scale by treatment of C(60)HMe(5) or C(70)HMe(3) with [FeCp(CO)(2)](2) and their structures studied with physical methods including X-ray crystallography.

Boron trifluoride-etherate promotes the endo-selective oxacyclization of polyepoxides derived from various acyclic terpenoid polyalkenes, including geraniol, farnesol, and geranylgeraniol, providing an efficient and stereoselective synthesis of substituted oxepanes and fused polyoxepanes. The mechanism of the oxacyclization reaction probably involves intramolecular nucleophilic addition of epoxide oxygen to open another epoxide that is activated as an electrophile by the Lewis acid. These oxacyclizations proceed stereospecifically with inversion of configuration upon opening of each epoxide to provide trans-fused polycyclic products. The oxacyclization cascade is terminated by a tethered nucleophile, which may be the carbonyl oxygen of a ketone, ester, or carbonate, or a trisubstituted alkene. The best oxacyclization yields are generally observed with tert-butyl carbonate as the terminating nucleophile, although in some cases the oxacyclization products include formation of tert-butyl ethers as a minor product. The oxacyclization transformations described herein may mimic ring-forming steps in the biosynthesis of trans-syn-trans-fused polycyclic ether marine natural products.

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A state of (con)fusion: The introduction of a confused pyrrole ring into a meso‐aryl sapphyrin framework destabilizes the macrocycle and forces a fusion reaction to occur. Subsequent metalation with rhenium results in further mutation to form a domino‐fused sapphyrin with a fused penta‐ring system (see scheme).

Hydroferration reaction of [60]fullerene or its derivative with [Fe(C5H5)(CO)2]2 gives regioselectively a ferrocene/hydrofullerene hybrid, which upon treatment with Bu4NOH and an alkyl halide affords the corresponding alkylated bucky ferrocene, again regioselectivity via an anion of the ferrocene.