The VEGF +936 T allele is associated with an increased risk of stage III-IV endometriosis in a Japanese population.

Background: Preoperative factors were retrospectively analyzed to distinguish malignant transformation (MT) in mature cystic teratoma (MCT) of the ovary. Methods: Subjects were 73 patients with MCT and 4 patients with MT who underwent surgery from January 2010 to March 2013. Results: Patients with MT had a median age of 68.5 years, significantly older than patients with MCT who had a median age of 34.0 years. All of the patients with MT (100%) had a tumor 10 cm across or larger while 12 (16%) patients

animal training in gynecologic laparoscopic skills mainly uses the lower abdominal organs, whereas surgical laparoscopic training uses epigastric organs such as the stomach, liver, and gallbladder. This study evaluated the usefulness of training for gynecologists and surgeons that uses lower abdominal and the epigastric organs of the same animal. Training time for each department was 5 h. This report included analyses of the results of questionnaire surveys of 13 trainees (7 gynecologists, 6 surgeons). The problem of joint laparoscopic laboratory animal training in gynecology and surgery was "shortened training time" and "limitations of procedure". With respect to the degree of satisfaction with joint laboratory animal training in gynecology and surgery, most trainees replied that they were "satisfied". Laboratory animal training as a collaboration between gynecology and surgery reduces cost and can provide effective training.